The Stranger Essays (458 words) - Absurdist Fiction, The Stranger

The Stranger Meursaults actions reflect his inner self in many ways. He is the protagonist in the story. He emotionally really doesnt care about other people like is mother and Marie. Many events end up leading to the his murder of an Arab. During his trial, there was no emotional attachment between him and his mother. That becomes a main focus of the prosecutors argument that he is a monster. Meursault is a young man living in Algiers. He receives a report of his mother Madame Meursault's funeral. He attends his mothers funeral, but he does not show any outward signs of appropriate grief. He returns to his home and immediately begins an affair with Marie Cardona, a former co-worker. After the weekend ends, he concludes that his mother's death has changed nothing. The banal rhythm of a Sunday afternoon remains exactly the same as it was before. He strikes up an acquaintance with Raymond Sintes, a local gigolo and pimp. Meursault unintentionally becomes involved in a dispute between Raymond and Raymond's mistress and her brother, the Arab. The dispute ends with Meursault's murder of the Arab. Meursault, who narrates The Stranger, does not offer an explanation for the murder. It is by all appearances completely without motivation. Nevertheless, society demands a rational explanation. Meursault is arrested and brought to trial. During the trial, it becomes apparent that various members of the courtroom feel a need to explain the senseless, unmotivated killing. It refuses to convict him of the murder without imposing a rational explanation onto the event, which allows for a moral condemnation of the killing. Without a justification for moral condemnation, punishment for the murder lacks a rational basis. Unfortunately, Meursault ends up being tried and sentenced to death more on the basis of his atheism and lack of emotional attachment to his mother than on the basis of anything logically connected to the murder. By the end of the trial, the court construes his lack of emotional attachment to his mother as an explanation of the murder, and vice versa. Together, the two justify the prosecutor's definition of Meursault as a monster. Meursault's predicament develops Camus's philosophy of the absurd--that humans tend to impose a rational order on the world in the face of evidence that the world is absurd. He focuses on the dilemma of acceptance of the absurd without succumbing to despair. Meursault becomes the Absurd Hero when he can accept the absence of a rational basis for his death sentence without succumbing to despair. Hope is merely a distraction from the short time he has left. Meursault develops an optimism without hope, which allows him to make the most of the short life he has left. Bibliography Internet English Essays

Fredrick Douglass- Ressurection essays

Fredrick Douglass- Ressurection essays Resurrection by Frederick Douglass was about how he got beat by his hiring master and received no help from his owner. He then gets a root from an older slave named Sandy and then fights Mr. Covey and wins. This was the turning point in his life because he realized that he was a human being and not just a slave. The following passage from Resurrection reveals that Douglass was the type of person who wouldnt give up: After lying there about three quarters of an hour, I nerved myself up again, and started on my way, through bogs and briers, barefooted and bareheaded, tearing my feet sometimes at nearly every step; and after a journey of about seven miles, occupying some five hours to perform it, I arrived at my masters store. I then presented an appearance enough to affect any but a heart of iron. (Douglass 50). He knew in his heart that Mr. Covey wasnt treating him the way that he should have been. So he had to take matters into his own hands, which was going to his owner for protection, but that didnt work out the way he thought. Master Thomas ridiculed the idea that there was any danger for Douglass at Mr. Coveys place. Finally he found help from an older slave by the name of Sandy Jenkins whom he looked to as an advisor. Sandy told Douglass that he must go back to Mr. Covey, but he must also take the root with him and always carry it on his right side, which would prevent Mr. Covey or any other white man from beating him again (51). Upon taking the root from Sandy, Douglass believed that he had reached the end of the road with the point of no return, which would be where he said okay this is about all I can take, Im not going to suffer anymore. This battle with Mr. Covey was the turning point in my career as a slave. It rekindled the few expiring embers of freedom, and revived within me a sense of my own manhood (52). Frederic...

8 Things to Write About What to Write About When You Lack Inspiration

8 Things to Write About What to Write About When You Lack Inspiration 8 Things to Write About: What to Write About When You Lack Inspiration Youre struggling with finding things to write about- that much is clear.And you’ve decided to make that jump. Youve finally worked up the courage to write a book. Congrats!Now the daunting question of what you’re going to write rears its ugly head. What on earth can you write? What would people want to read?You find yourself at the first stumbling block, also affectionately (not) referred to as writers block.Here are 8 ways to find things to write about:Write about your passionsFiction or nonfictionWhat youre an expert inWrite about your experiencesGet ideas from friends and familyFind inspiration to write about onlineBrainstorm what to write about for a day or twoCollect a large list of ideas to write aboutNOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it here8 Things to Write About and How to Find Writing InspirationWell the good news is that all of us could write a book or two about something!Each one of us has our own unique set of experiences that others could learn from, not to mention the plethora of writing prompts and story ideas online. Figuring out what to write about simply takes some self-reflection, brainstorming, and research.Follow these next steps and you will surely find at least one future book topic!#1 Start with your passionsThe best place to start is with what brings you joy. After all, you’re going to enjoy writing your book a lot more if you enjoy the topic.Furthermore, you are more likely to really sell an idea and convince your audience of something if you’re passionate about it.Here are a few questions for finding what to write about:Whats one thing you enjoy most?What do you lose track of time doing?Where do your thoughts go when youre not paying attention?What do people describe you doing often?These things to write about could be as simple as bike riding, home organization, or cooking. It could be something more technical or complex.Take out a pen and paper, and make a list of all the things that you really love. Write them all down, whether they’re big or small. You will draw inspiration from this list, so write down everything that you can think of.#2 Choose to write fact or fictionOnce you have a good, working list of all the things you love, you need to decide something important: will your book be fact or fiction?There are so many different book genres out there that it can feel overwhelming. Hence, it’s best to get an idea of this before you start the writing process.Your passions list will really help you narrow this one down. Perhaps your love of cats could make you want to write a fiction novel about a cat who goes on adventures. Perhaps your love of home gardening could make for a great how-to book to help others who want to grow their own food. Maybe your love of ghosts could make for a good horror book. Whatever it is, your passions are th ere waiting to be turned into a book idea.Your specific genre can be modified as you begin to write. However, deciding whether your book will be fiction or about your real life, like writing a memoir, is something you need to decide before beginning the brainstorming and writing process.#3 What you’re an expert at/inEverybody is an expert in something. Do you believe me? Most people when they hear this go â€Å"oh no, not me!† After all, we are often our own worst critics.However, that’s where everyone is wrong. Each of us is an expert in something. The truth is that you don’t need a million trophies or some fancy title to be an expert. Furthermore, books written by experts don’t always sell. People love getting advice from ordinary people just like you! After all, if you can write and publish a book, so can they.You can find your expertise through a brainstorm.Much like your passion list, make another list! On this one, I want you to write down a ll of your work experience from the last 5-10 (or more!) years. I’m talking everything that you can think of such as employment, volunteer work, hobbies, and unique experiences. After you’ve spent some time on this list, start to look at the patterns: What things keep popping up?What do these things have in common?Are these things related?This list might help you see that you really are more of an expert in something that you can write about.You might not have been the boss of the company, but you might have learned more than you think working in public relations or even answering phones.#4 Pull things to write about from your experiencesYour future book inspiration doesn’t solely come from professional experience. It can come from personal experiences as well. With this, you’ll want to create another list.However, this one will be more of a brainstorm of different life experiences you’ve had.If you can’t just start making a list, start by mapping out your life.Jot down a few of these ideas to write about:Where do you live?Where are you from originally?Who are your family members?Who are your friends?Where have you traveled to?If you answer all of these questions, you will surely start to think of â€Å"that one time I †¦Ã¢â‚¬  or other memories. Write down all the words, thoughts and images that come to mind. Write down how you felt in these moments and how they affected you and youll have plenty of things to write about.When you brainstorm, let your creativity flow! Don’t worry about writing the words in a perfect list. If you feel inspired to draw, draw.These brainstorm sessions are for you and you only, so let them be as crazy as you want!#5 Get writing ideas from friends or family memberThose who know us best often see things about us that we cannot. They have the perspective of seeing our lives from the outside. If you’re thinking of writing a book, speak with someone you’re close to .They simultaneously know you best and want the best for you.Take them out for a cup of coffee and tell them that you want to publish a book. If you already have a few things to want to write about, you could run them by this person.If you don’t, you could simply ask them what they think you should write about. You might get responses like â€Å"I would love to read about your experience with _____† or â€Å"I think you could really tell this story well.†You’ll either narrow down your list of ideas or have a few new ones to add to the list!#6 Turn to the InternetThe Internet is a great place to find inspiration for what to write about. First and foremost, you want to ensure that someone hasn’t already written about what you want to write about.If it’s a broad topic such as â€Å"how to travel the world,† surely at least several people have already beaten you to the punch! However, this isn’t the end of the world.When searching , you can see how these people have written their books and think about how yours would be different. Since no one on earth is exactly like you, you certainly will have your own unique perspective to bring to the table! Only you can be you!In addition to a general Google search, use both Instagram and Pinterest to your advantage.These two social networks will bring your inspiration for what to write about- not to mention give you book marketing opportunities when you do write the book. When searching on Instagram, make sure to look at related hashtags such as this #writerinspiration one.#7 Leave all the brainstorming and discussion for a day or twoAfter you’ve brainstormed and talked with a close friend or family member, put it all down.Simply go about your life as normal going to work or school or whatever your normal routine is. You are sure to come up with more ideas or more details to add to your existing notes at the most random times. When something comes to mind, reco rd it right away!It might be good to have a notebook with you at all times or start a note on your phone. You can actually use an app like Evernote for this very purpose.After a few days of a break, come back to all your notes and decide on what you want to write about.#8 Create a list to work fromA lot of authors feel like pressure when picking their book topic. It is kind of scary to pick an idea and then write several hundred pages on it.However, remind yourself that choosing an idea to write about does not obligate you to write an entire book about it. You might start by writing the outline or the first few chapters and realize that you’d rather write about a different topic. That’s okay!Creating a large list of ideas will help you when youre just not feeling one idea anymore- whether youre writing a book or simply a blog post.Get out that notebook and get to work!The best time to get started brainstorming your perfect idea is now! Don’t wait around and let fear get the better of you.Get out your notebook and start making these lists. Write down every word, thought or image that comes to your mind!Are you ready to move forward with your idea?Weve got your next steps!If you want to take your book from idea to full outline to published book (in as little as 90 days), we have the process for you right here

Geography of Beauty

Geography of Beauty It is a common English idiom to say that beauty is in the eyes of the beholder, but perhaps it is more accurate to say that beauty is in the geography, as cultural ideals of beauty vary drastically by region. Interestingly, the local environment seems to play an important role in what is seen as beautiful. Large Beauties Extreme forms of this practice include sending young girls to fattening farms, called gavages, alluding to their unfortunate similarity to French farms where geese are forcibly fed via sausage stuffers to create foie gras. Today, food is considerably less scarce, leading to many morbidly obese women in Mauritania. As Western media continues to infiltrate Mauritanian society, cultural preferences for large women are dying out in exchange for a slimmer Western ideal. Although Mauritania is an extreme example, this idea that large women are beautiful women are seen in other regions of the world where food is scarce, and populations are susceptible to famine, such as Nigeria and rainforest cultures. Flawless Skin Perhaps the most shocking facet of East Asian beauty is the fact that the male cosmetic industry is booming. In a society where flawless skin is considered an indicator of social success, South Korean males spend more on skin and makeup products that any other male population in the world. According to the Associated Press, this years male South Korean beauty industry is expected to gross over US $850 million. The trend for more feminine and pretty males in South Korea seems to be the result of an influx of Japanese cultural goods that portray male figures as romantic and effeminate. Skin Lightening With the southern portion of India residing in the Tropic of Cancer, Indias close proximity to the equator has resulted in the characteristically dark skin tone of its citizens. Indias infamous caste system, although based on birth and occupation, placed that vast majority of those with extremely dark skin into the lowest caste, classifying them as undesirables or untouchables. Although today the caste system is outlawed and it is prohibited to discriminate against someone based on his or her caste, the widespread beauty ideal of light skin is a subtle reminder of darker days. To feed this cultures obsession with light skin tones, a huge industry dedicated to lightening and skin bleaching creams flourishes in India. Light of My Eyes These coverings leave the eyes at the focus of the females face, or in more extreme communities; only the eyes are left uncovered. These cultural and religious norms have led many predominantly Islamic countries to focus on eyes as the epitome of beauty. This fixation of eyes is an integral part of Arabic culture. Many idioms of the Arabic language center on the eyes, for example, the Arabic equivalent of responding My pleasure when asked to do a favor roughly translates to By the light of your eyes I will do it. As Islam spread throughout the Middle East and into South Asia and Africa, it brought with it modesty practices for women such as the hijab and burka. With these new cultural norms, eyes likewise became the focal point of beauty in many of these cultures. In addition, khol is an ancient eye cosmetic used not only in the Middle East but also in Africa and South Asia. It is said that it was worn around the eye to protect from vision damage from the suns harsh rays, as these areas where khol is used regularly are very near to the equator and thus receive a lot of direct energy from the sun. Eventually, khol became used as an ancient form of eyeliner and mascara to line and accentuate the eyes. It is still used in many places today. What is beautiful is often not exactly a universal concept. What is seen as beautiful and attractive in one culture is seen as unhealthy and undesirable in another. Like so many other topics, the question of what is beautiful is intricately intertwined with geography.

US Population Growth and its demands on the enviroment, economy and Research Paper

US Population Growth and its demands on the enviroment, economy and national healthcare - Research Paper Example Background The population growth of the United States is ever increasing by about 3 million people per year (Hinde, 1998). Indeed, the overpopulation issue does not exist in the vacuum. The main reason for overpopulation is not because people do not know the main ideas on birth control processes; however, it is due to the immigration of people from other foreign countries (Alejandro & Rumbaut, 1990). In fact, almost 50 percent of the United States population is due to immigration. Worldwide, the main reaction to carrying capacity setbacks would be to migrate to regions where the carrying capacity does not seem to be pushed beyond the maximum level, or it is perceived to provide opportunities. In most cases, much of the United States’ immigration is fueled by this conception, but the immigrants tend to forget that the United States does not possess endless resources. Such wrong perceptions of immigrants do not only cause injustices to the carrying capacity of the many states in the country, but also many other overpopulation components, including environmental damage, social disruption, and even unemployment (Regoeczi, 2002). Demands on the environment Perhaps, the main devastating demands of overpopulation could be seen in the United States’ environs. ... le that the Americans keep on producing a lot of air pollutants that perhaps one day could become hazardous and even get to other regions in the world. Apart from pollution, there exist reasons for concerns regarding the farmland, wildlife, and forestry. It is because of overpopulation that United States has lost a lot of its wetlands, old-growth forests, and on a routine basis go on loosing many miles of land to developments. While a lot of factors such as forests, pollutants, energy, etc. could be those chosen to demonstrate the limitations of overpopulation on the carrying, reflection of striking example is water. Indeed, many areas within the United States, be it the central, west, and even southwest states, mostly those experiencing the rapid growth in population are inflicted either with shortages of water or contaminated water due to pollution. The demand on resources that lead to damages of forestry has caused many states in the United States face limited rainfall. Other natu rally occurring water sources have also been limited resulting in serious depletion and even pollution of the ground water. Clean water is essential to the people of the United States. Carrying capacity of such limited water areas that extend many states is really a threat to the human life. It is notable that, the outcomes of overpopulation demands on the environment are negative. Resources get depleted that the environment becomes disregarded to a certain point that, many regions in the United States lose most of their capacity to support a dense population. Whenever the carrying capacity becomes exceeded, the damage to the environment is normally very severe that the carrying capacity of population for upcoming generations is highly reduced. The chains of the events regarding

Marine industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marine industry - Essay Example Credible statistics and claims were uttered in line with this phenomenon. Perhaps, one might say such things are inevitable, we cannot deny the fact that these things could happen without the leniency and negligence of people working with regards to their duties plus the fact that these things could be avoided. Dr. Anita Rothblum of the United States Coast Guard research and development center stressed that over 40 years, the shipping industry focused on improving ship structures and reliability of ship systems to reduce casualty and ensure proficiency and reliability. However, the casualty is still high. She further pointed out that " Maritime system is a people system" and people do play a big part with regards to these errors. Moreover, she explains that 75-96% percent are caused by human errors and tanker accidents, collision, fires and explosions cause some of these incidents. This claim is not new to marine authorities 1. At present, if we are to base on the biggest of perhaps one of the most tragic disasters of ship industries in the world, the tragedy of MV Doa Paz in the Philippines is perhaps the perfect example of human error to date.

Feasibility analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Feasibility analysis - Research Paper Example This will be in line with the company’s short term goals of achieving a presence in major states in the United States. The fitness centers will be noticeably labeled to make it easily recognizable (Goldsby, Kuratko and Bishop, p. 84). Then, the company will regularly market its products through the person selling, social media, company website and franchise marketing make the public aware of its presence. Besides body fitness services, the company has created different products that will emphasize on energy and water usage. The idea behind this product is to make the machines create their own energy source by ways of human interaction. This will be attained by attaching the alternator to the machines; therefore, as the individuals run on the machine, the spinning motion powers the alternator which finishes by powering a battery that fuels the machine’s energy source (Goldsby, Kuratko and Bishop, p. 87). As the company expands, they plan on bringing in industry leaders a nd experts into their company. The company will establish a cooperative relationship for high-end and meticulous products from the main manufacturing firms. To satisfy the customers, the company is able to ship products in various parts of the world. Additionally, there are no charges for handling products and the services will be filled once they are placed. The company strives to keep the clients satisfied. The company will strive to achieve profit maximization, revenue growth, customer satisfaction, long term growth, achieve sustainable brand awareness and reputation. Customer will be treated as the biggest asset in the business operations hence will always be at the center of the marketer and company’s thinking and planning process (Parnell, p. 316). The company will use economy approach, in which economies of scale are leveraged to bring the cheapest apparel to market and compete on cost alone as well as the mid-market approach where the brand allure and product quality are combined with economies of scale and labor efficiencies in order to keep prices in an affordable range for middle-class consumers. Moreover, EcoFitness will use the high-quality approach whereby product quality dominates and a brand premium is charged. Customers’ Prospect The company strives to keep the clients satisfied through provision of exceptional service and great purchasing experience, either online shopping or direct purchase in the department store. The fitness centers will be opened throughout the day and night to take care of all our customers at their appropriate time. Additionally, there will sales and offer discounts on special occasions and holidays (Tompkins, Russell and McDonald, p. 35). The company will entrench high level of quality, transparency in the market and a sustainable business that contributes to the welfare of the clients and the society. The company appreciates that the clients are the biggest assets of the company; therefore, will accord t he best quality products and services provision. Therefore, the company will try at all times to put the interests of their clients first. Service and Products Desirability The company’s services and products are new collections with new styles, which offer the latest trend in body fitness. Ecofitness offers a range of services and products that are not offered by other companies in the same field. EcoFitness offers a full service health and fitness club that leaves the clients yearning for more. The working team is

The Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act Essay

The Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act - Essay Example Administrative simplification also necessitates set of laws to defend the privacy of personal health information and the institution of security necessities to protect that information and the progress of average identifiers. In turn to efficiently apply the HIPAA Administrative Simplification provisions, the Governor's bureau has prearranged a statewide plan composed of country organizations that might be influenced by its provisions. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) institutes innovative values for the progress and utilization of health care information. There are three types of principles formed by HIPAA namely privacy, security and administrative simplification. All together, these rules have a foremost impact on the everyday functioning of the state's hospitals and influence almost every part of every individual that presents or pays for health Title I of HIPAA standardizes the accessibility and span of group and entity health insurance strategy. It amends together the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and the Public Health Service Act. Title I moreover confines the boundaries that a group health plan can sets on remuneration for pre-obtainable circumstances. Group health plans might reject to give remuneration connecting to pre-obtainable circumstances for a time of twelve months after the enrollment in the arrangement or eighteen months in the case of delayed enrollment2. Conversely, individuals can diminish this omission period if they had health insurance before signing up in the plan. Title I permits individuals to decrease the omission period by the time that they had "creditable coverage" earlier than signing up in the plan and after any "significant breaks" in coverage. "Creditable coverage" is classified relatively broadly and incorporates almost all group and entity health plans, including Medicare and Medi caid. A "significant break" in coverage is described as any sixty three day phase devoid of any creditable coverage3. A number of health care plans are not liable from Title I necessities, for example enduring health plans and partial scope plans for instance dental or vision plans that are presented individually from the wide-ranging health plan. Still, if such remuneration are a branch of the wide-ranging health plan, then HIPAA applies to such remuneration. For example, if the innovative plan presents dental remuneration, then it should calculate creditable continuous coverage beneath the previous health plan towards any of its omission periods for dental remuneration. HIPAA 3However, an alternate way of estimating

ATM Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ATM Services - Assignment Example After selection of the withdraw option, at this point the user is requested to select the type of account he or she is willing to withdraw from i.e. saving the account, fixed account, and deposit account. After selecting a type of account you wish to withdraw from, you enter the amount you wish to withdraw and submit to bank database for verification. The system verifies whether the amount submitted by the bank customer is sufficient for withdrawal, if not, the customer is requested to enter different amount whereas if the amount entered is approved by the bank or there is sufficient cash, the system sends the account number, PIN, choosen account and the amount in the bank which approves the transaction thus dispensing the correct amount requested by the user and issues a receipt else if the transaction is disapproved because of the incorrect PIN, the disapproval are reported to the system thus initiating Failed Transaction extension. Therefore, informing the bank whether the transac tion has been approved or not; it is completed the bank debits the customer’s for the amount. A transaction involved when depositing dollar amount starts with a session when a customer chooses from the possible transaction types indicated or shown by an ATM machine or system. Therefore, he or she chooses the type of account he or she is wishing to deposit to form the various menu accounts option given and then he proceeds by choosing the amount of dollar through pressing the key or typing digits of the amount to be deposited. During this moment, the bank customer information is sent to the bank database for verification i.e. user card number, PIN, the amount to be deposited, and amount to the bank.

Management in early years Essay Example for Free

Management in early years Essay For the purpose of this work I will focus my attention on management and leadership skills, that any good early years practitioner should possess in order to organise/hold the event of parents evening. Working in partnership with parents Constructive working relationships between teachers and parents can enhance adults knowledge and understanding of children and children’s learning opportunities, and so contribute to children’s learning and wellbeing at home and in the setting. Children who see their parents working closely together with their teachers â€Å"gain a sense of continuity and of being cared for† and experience a â€Å"trusting and secure environment in which they can learn and grow† (Whalley the Pen Green Centre Team, 2001). Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological model of human development offers a theoretical rationale for teachers and parents working in close collaboration. Inclusion†¦.. Purpose and outcome Early childhood practitioners are often reluctant to see themselves as leaders and managers. However, all those who work with young children and their families, whatever their level of experience and competence, have to undertake both of these roles on a daily basis. Parents evening is the perfect example of these two roles â€Å"played† by the same person. This is one of the best opportunities I have as practitioner in building relations with the parents. Why? Because if the parents are in agreement with my methods of practice/teaching, I’ve brought learning home. Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years (Siraj-Blatchford, Sylva, Muttock, Gilden, Bell, 2002), found that children’s cognitive attainment benefited when parents were involved in children’s learning activities at home. Again the reformed EYFS(2012) has set out to raise the bar of just how influential parents’ role is in their child’s learning and development. Effective leaders will respond to this by reviewing their setting’s work with families to ensure strong engagement. The above ideas has been the foundation of organizing my first parents evening at my new setting. Although the event took place in September( next one due in June), the time coincide with the new EYFS coming into place and myself starting my new job at University of Warwick Nursery about the same time. Although I am a confident person, the likes of starting a new job, new EYFS coming into place, key children/families( of whom 4 out of 5had English as a second language, with very little or no knowledge of what EYFS is or how the nurseries are operating in UK), made me a bit anxious. I had to find a strategy which allowed me to be efficient, sounded knowledgeable and be professional. Having the liberty from the setting manger to conduct my parents evening, into whatever manner suits me and the families involved, the key for me at that particular time was called ORGANIZED. Before holding meeting with parents, any practitioner would consider what purpose it will serve and what will be the most effective method of achieving your goals. Good communication must have a clear purpose. †¢give information †¢consult †¢generate ideas †¢gather information †¢educate/help Parent and key worker meetings Early years settings tend to organise parent and key worker meetings on a regular basis and in a more structured way. Again, the timing of these meetings will depend on the parents daily routines and commitments, and the staff team will have to be flexible when arranging them. I have tried to be responsive to the needs of all individuals when arranging the timing for meetings. Because of the issue of confidentiality and because for most of the families English is a second language, I decided to have meetings with each family, rather than a group meeting. A little office was made available for the times booked and had a presentation running in the background ( appeals to all learning styles) for extra visual information; the main purpose was it introduce the EYFS, areas of learning, activities(see if any disagreement towards celebrations, messy play,etc) and how can be extended at home. See appendix Again, careful thought needs was given to †¢objectives (why) †¢audience (who) †¢content (what) †¢timing (when) environment (where). From my experience, these meetings offer an opportunity for the practitioner and parents to gather information, share their observations and to consider the implications of these in terms of planning for the childs learning. They are conducted in an atmosphere of mutual respect and practitioners should act as genuine listeners, responding to what they hear from the parent and not allowing discussions to be driven by a pre-set agenda based on what has been observed in the nursery. I am trying to use a business technique called the praise praise sandwich. Start with something positive about the child, ask parents of any weak points/areas for improvement , we discuss around this and get an agreement of how together we can help the child move forward and generally improve. Finally I summarise our agreement, and finish with a reminder of their positive. Although we are gathering lots of written and recorded evidence for the child`s learning, is right to say that in Early Years , 50% of the information is mentally recorded by the key worker; and this extra information I found to be really appreciated by parents/families as a prove of knowing/understanding that particular child. During individual meetings with parents, time is set aside for looking at the implications of observations from home and nursery. Planning together for childrens learning will result in a more holistic approach, an enhanced curriculum and continuity for the children. There are opportunities to look at the childs learning journeys and to talk about appropriate provision and support for the childs developmental stage. Where a pattern of behaviour or personal learning interest has been identified, the key worker and parent are discussing experiences that could be offered at home and in the nursery in the hope that they would engage the child and further extend learning. We also share with the parents information about the Foundation Stage curriculum and about young children as learners. explain how the setting plans and assesses a childs learning within the six areas of learning discuss the importance of the learning process emphasise the importance of child-initiated learning talk about schemas discus appropriate expectations and contexts for learning. It is common sense that practitioners should have confidence in their presentation skills and their knowledge of child development and early learning. When English is a second language Parents evening is also an excellent time for the child’s key person to discuss the child’s level and understanding of English, the use of their home language at nursery and the use of English at home. During this time the key person may have some questions on how the child is progressing at home. These can be important as if the child is using little or no English at the setting it is harder to know their level of development. I believe that good relationships with parents helps to aid our knowledge of the child and so provide them with the best possible care and education. To support inclusion and make each child feel valued, I initiated a little project. In the classroom we have got a board on which we have a data base of common words used in all the languages our children are speaking at home. We asked the parents for any words that they feel the child and key person may need while at nursery. This gives the key person some simple understanding and being more aware if the child is asking for something or trying to explain something. This also helps the key person to build a relationship with the child. It has proven to be a success and now it has been extended to all the classrooms. In the United Kingdom, the Pen Green Centre for Under Fives and their Families is well known for its work in involving families in children’s learning, as well as for parents being supported themselves. Pen Green tries to follow a process: whereby all the important adults in a child’s life give each other feedback on what seems to be centrally important to the child, and how and what they are learning in the home and in the nursery (Whalley and the Pen Green Centre Team, 2001). In this way, children are offered a challenging and stimulating environment in both settings that draws on each party’s understanding and scrutiny. Conclusion I believe that I have used my management skills to the best of my abilities and knowledge and it would only be honest to say that, ideas shared with my community of learners (our students group from college) have been put into practice; parents feedback is encouraging . All of them admitted to recognize their own child`s personality, routines, likes/dislikes from everything I have said about each individua. Maybe next time I should try to manage my time a

The Laser Communication System

The Laser Communication System This report is apprehensive with Optical communication in which the source of light is a laser and whose beam is modified for video, voice or data communication over the wide range of bandwidths, typically 1 GHZ or more. Since when the laser is invented, it has attracted the communication engineers because it is the revolutionary source of electromagnetic radiation. There are basically two principal reasons for this attraction. First, optical carrier frequencies are about ten thousand times higher than those available in the microwave part of the spectrum. If we can develop techniques for achieving even modest modulation percentage bandwidths, the information handling capacity can be increased at a great deal. The second reason relates to the narrow beam width that can be obtained from a laser. This means that power can be efficiently transmitted to distant points [1]. In this report I have prepared a Laser communication system in which we are transmitting our voice across the room with help of the Laser. We have described how the system is made i.e. complete description about the design of transmitter and complete description about the receiver. We also have tested the system and its working successfully. The components used for the project were very cheap and easily available (like transformer, led, solar cell, laser, microphone jacks, mic, amplifier, battery holder and batteries). This is in fact the best method to make a Cheapest Laser communication system. Basics about Lasers and optical fibers are described as both were important to know. The advantages and disadvantages of both laser communication system and optical fibers are discussed in this report. To make an optical communication system we must require sources of light. The properties of the two mostly used sources of lights i.e. LASER (Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation) and LED (Light Emitting Diodes) is also been discussed in a tabular form. By using this table we can identify which source to use at what time. There are also some challenges faced by the laser communication system and optical fibers, these are discussed and solution to some of them is also given. It is also been told that what will be the business benefits, when we will find the solution of those problems. This report is all about the short range communication but also can be used for long communication systems. Chapter 1: Literature review 1.1 Laser LASER is a short form of Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The theory of laser is that an atom in excited state encounters a photon of same energy that is equal to the gap energy between the excited and ground states of the atom. When this type of photon is encountered, then another photon is emitted which is of the same energy. The research in Lasers slowly continued and increased the scope area. There were different types of improvements in laser structure and design which enhanced the lifetime of the lasers, beam width was focused, improved continuity of output, regulated and short pulse duration, etc. Henceforth Transportations became largest areas in which lasers were thought to have application. Increasing telephone use, electronic transmission, relaying of television signals, and the need for communication in space all contributed to the emphasis placed on laser technology toward communications[2]. The major attraction to lasers for communications purpose is the fact that the quantity of data or information that an EM wave can carry is proportional to its frequency. One more interesting thing about Optical light is its frequencies; the optical frequencies are 109 times greater than the radio waves and also105 times greater than microwaves. Communication technology was growing day by day and Lasers were emerging as the ideal solution for this complex problem. There were huge amount of technical complications in using lasers for the communications, and it took many years of hard work and invention of other technologies which made laser communication practical. The first invention was the discovery by Charles Kao and George Hockham in 1970 that glass fibers could transmit laser light [2]. The working principle of the Laser communication system is very similar to fiber optic links, but the difference is that the beam is transmitted through free space. While the transmitter and receiver must require line-of-sight conditions, this is the only so called constraint of the laser communication system. As any barrier between the transmitter and receiver can cause the data loss but they have the benefit of eliminating the need for buried cables and broadcasting rights. Laser communications systems can be easily deployed since they are cheap, small, low power and do not require any radio interference stuff to revision. The carrier used for the transmission signal is generated by a laser diode. Two parallel beams are required, one for transmission and one for reception. But the system which is to be implemented in this project is only one way. Laser communications have been a very attractive topic lately, because it has given the solutions for how to satisfy ever increasing bandwidth needs which are in high demand. Some have suggested that bandwidth could be distributed in neighborhoods by putting laser communication systems on top of homes and pointing them towards a common transceiver with a fast link to the Internet [2]. With possible transmit speeds of up to a gigabit per second, this is an exciting area. 1.2 Optical fiber Before starting with the laser communication system we must also be familiar with optical fiber communications i.e. the communications with the help of glass fibers because laser communications is a part of optical communications somewhere, as laser communication can be done with and without optical fiber and laser is also a source of light in optical communication with LED (Light emitting diode) [3,9]. This thinking of optical communications with the help of the glass fiber was generated at the time of Alexander Graham Bell [4]. Yet it took many years for its practical implementations as better quality of glass and low cost electronic equipment was invented quite a while after that. In 1960s the development of the optical communication was started with the invention of the new devices and fibers and which is going on till now. The most interesting thing happened in 1980s. During these 10 years the public communication networks were developed for the optical communications and it became the most dominant technology. There were 3 major milestones in all the developments and they were following: [4] In late 1950s LASER was invented In 1970s low loss optical fiber was developed. In 1980s amplifier for the optical fiber was invented. The use of the optical communication technology blowout like a fire. And the coaxial copper wire, which were used in early times, were replaced by the optical fibers and a new era of technology emerged called as optical communications technology. The two technologies electronics communications and optical communications are very much closely related to each other but the principle of operation in both the technologies is different. There is a misconception in the people about optical communication that the light travels in the optical fiber as the current or electricity travels in wires. This is not true, because in optical communication systems light is an electromagnetic wave and optical fiber is a waveguide. Also the connection between the wires i.e. in the electronic communications is very easy as compared to the optical fibers. In optical communications we require connectors to join two optical fibers [3,4]. 1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of optical fiber Now we should discuss some advantages and disadvantages of optical fibers over copper wire: 1.3.1 Advantages of optical fibers Data secrecy i.e. security of the data Data Truthfulness i.e. very low loss of data Long distance communications is possible without involving repeaters, amplifiers and boosters. Large amount of data can be communicated. Optical fibers are insusceptible to EM interference, but not immune to the alpha and the beta energies. These optical fibers are not unsafe to use them near the high voltage devices and an area where the earths potential is different because they have High electrical resistance. The power necessities of the optical fibers are low as compared to the wires. The optical fibers are very light in weight, so they are easy to carry. The speed of the transmitting is very high 1.3.2 Disadvantages of optical fibers The initial cost and the preservation cost of the optical fiber is quite high as compared to the wires To connect two optical fibers we need connectors and splices which are costly and more difficult to operate than wires. Optical fibers dont have ability to transmit electrical power for the operation of terminal devices Extra care is to be taken while handling the optical fibers, as they are very sensitive to physical shocks. 1.4 Sources of light in Optical communication system There are two main sources of the light in Optical communication systems and they are namely [3] LED Light Emitting Diode LASER- Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation It totally depends upon the certain factors like application, cost, performance, stability, power and cost, to use which type of source for the system. LED is generally used when them system power requirements is low. As LED make system small in size, reduces its cost, reduces the complexity of the system and also stable with temperature. LASER is used where the power requirement of the signal is high because if we use LED in high power requirements then the cost of the system will go high. Also in LASER the transmission rate is high, can do long distance communication and more reliable. The table on the next page compares properties of LED and LASER [3]. S. No. Features LASER LED 1. Power 100 mW 40 mW (max) 2. Light source Coherent Incoherent 3. Temperature Dependence High Low 4. Interference Self-interference No self-interference 5. Lifetime Long but lees than LED Long 6. Modulation speed Can be 1 GHz and faster 100 Hz 30 MHz (max) 7. Beam divergence Narrow Wide 8. Bandwidth req. Less than 1 nanometer 40 100 nanometers 9. Noise at receiver Low High 10. System cost Low for high power vice versa Low for low power high for high power 11. Reliability High Low 12 Accuracy High Low 13 Efficiency High Low 14. Use Long short distance communications Short-distance Communication 15. Signal damage Low High Table 1 According to this above table we can choose our source of light. In this technical report, we develop a basic Laser communication model which is used for long or short distance communications. Sometimes for the long n short Laser communication systems we use optical fibers and some times we do not use, totally depends upon the system [5]. Actions can be taken to increase the capability of the system i.e. to boost the data rate with low noise. This all is discussed in this report. Chapter 2: Review from the key paper The key paper I took for this topic is not actually a paper but a page on the internet called Light and Optics made by Simon Quellen Field [6]. It is equivalent to my key paper because the work done on this paper is very much similar to my project area. 2.1 Summary of the key paper 2.1.1 Project Objective The objective of this project is to make an optical communication system in which the source of light is a laser and which can transmit the signal from one point to another without using any cables wires etc. I am interested in this laser communication system because in this system the loss of data and the probability of erroneous are very low and It can also transmit the data at the great speed. This project only deals with the short distance communication [3]. 2.1.2 Project Description Fig. 1 Laser Communication System Figure 1 Laser communication system The system shown in the figure can send data at very high rate. The system illustrated above is set up to send voice data. The microphone input is fed to the transmitter, where the signal is modulated and then transmitted in free space with the help of a laser. The Laser output is according to the format of the result produced by the transmitter section i.e. varying intensities of light. On the receiver side, the signal is read by a photo transistor which converts the light signal to the electrical signal and then it is applied to a speaker. the basic principle is Amplitude modulation an in this case amplitude is intensity of light. This is the basic principle of the Laser communication system. 2.2 Experimental approach of the research [6]: Now we are going to discuss about the technique by which a laser communication system can be made. This method is the simplest method to make a laser communication system. Also this is the cheapest one. For the transmitter we will need A laser pen pointer. A battery holder which can contain equal number of batteries as the laser pointer is having. The size of the batteries may vary, but they should be of the same voltage as the laser batteries. Generally we have a battery holder which contains two batteries, but in this project we need at least three cells. So we can use one battery holder which holds two batteries n one battery holder which holds one battery, and a wire to connect them in series. A transformer as an audio output transformer having an 8 ohm coil and a 1000 ohm coil. A microphone and an amplifier or speaker. Some clip leads normally connecting wires with crocodile clips to connect every component. One clip lead must be the type with a long point, to get connected to the inner part of the laser pointer. The soldering procedure and simple wires can be used for this but the leads are fast, reliable and simple. At last we require a 2 lead bi-color light emitting diode (LED), to protect the damage done to the laser from high voltage spikes. For the receiver we will need: A small solar cell or a light sensitive diode i.e. photodiode having clips to attach simply or if clips are not possible then use soldering procedure. A microphone jack which fits into the audio amplifier or speaker by which we will get our audio output 2.2.1 Transmitter The clip lead is connected to the inner part of the laser where battery is touched. Now we have two clips to attach, to the laser and we do it in a normal way. Usually one of the clip is attached to the small spring which is in the lasers battery area and the second clip lead is usually attached to the case of the laser. Since there are various different types of laser pointers, we may have to do different type of settings with the placement of the clip lead for the proper working of the laser with the new external battery pack. There may arise some situations when we have to hold the lasers push button switch with help of a rubber band or any wire around it. The connection is tested before a transformer is attached to it. It done to make sure that the laser is working with the new battery pack or not. During the testing if the laser doesnt light, then the problem may be with the direction of the battery, the battery is reversed and tested again. This reversal of the battery will not damage the laser. As said before the transformer has two sides. One is 1000ohm and second is 8 ohm. The laser and battery is connected to the 1000ohm side. There are three wires which are coming out of the 1000ohm side of the transformer. We only use the outer two wires to connect the laser and the battery and the middle wire is not used in this circuit and is called a center tap wire. One end of the laser (clip lead used) is connected to the first wire of the 1000ohm side of transformer and the other end is connected to the batterys positive end. The negative end of the battery is connected to the second third wire of the 1000ohm side of transformer and the second one is left open. The bicolor light emitting diode (LED) is also connected to the two outer wires i.e. wire one and wire three of the transformer on the 1000ohm side. This part or LED is used as a protector of the laser which protects the laser from the high voltage spikes. As high voltages go to the LED and low voltages required for the laser go to laser. The laser is tested by attaching the battery. The laser must operate at this time. Now the connection to the 8 ohm side of transformer is made. The earphone jack is connected to that side of transformer. The schematic diagram of the transmitter looks like this: Figure 2 Transmitter for Laser communication system This is how it works. The work of the transformer here is to modulate the power which going to the laser. The signal which comes from the mike is added to and subtracted from the battery power accordingly to the situation, and the intensity of the laser is brightened or it is dimmed correspondingly with the amplitude of the voice in the signal. 2.2.2 Receiver The simplest part of laser communication system is its receiver. We just have to make the connection between the microphone jack and the solar cell. The two ends of the microphone jack are attached to the terminals of the solar cell. It hardly matters in which way the connection is made to it. The schematic of the receiver: Figure 3 Receiver for Laser communication system 2.2.3 Setup and testing We need to take care of two things at first. The mic should be off and laser should be on. Then we need to plug the jack of the transmitter into the opening of the mic. Now the solar cell is connected to the audio amplifier or speaker and the volume is increased till we are able to listen distortion and mocking noise when ever laser light falls on it. When we are able to listen that, then we decrease the volume till the noise is negligible. Now the next step is to aim the laser to fall on the solar cell. The laser is aimed to it and we can listen some noise in form of pop or click. Now if we move the laser beam over the solar cell from one end to another to it, then we will be able to listen these clicks till the laser falls on the solar panel and disappears when laser is not hitting the solar panel. If this all is happening, then everything is right till now [6]. Now the mic is switched on very watchfully and gradually the volume of mic is adjusted and something is said in the mic. The volume of mic is adjusted so that we can listen our voice coming out of the amplifier or speaker which is in the other corner of the room. If we are not able to listen our voice coming out of the amplifier, then we must check the laser, that the laser is hitting on the solar panel or not. If it is not hitting then we must adjust it to hit the panel, only then we can listen our voice. Now after doing all this adjustment, just increase the volume of amplifier or speaker instead of increasing the volume of mic, to listen your voice across the room. But precautions must be taken during the increase of the volume as if increased then a limit, will damage the laser. Now it is time to do some testing, just break the connection between the laser and the solar panel i.e. to put some obstruction in between, we will notice that the when the obstruction is inserted the amplifier does not produce any sound. Now move this obstruction back and forth or up and down such that connection is made and then broken at regular intervals, we will notice that our voice is chopped by the obstruction as it moves back and forth [6]. The basic principle behind the Laser communication system is Amplitude modulation. The amplitude of the carrier signal is modulated. In simple words, in this case the intensity of the light is varied along the time. Now what happens in transmitter is that when the sound is transferred through mic it travels through transformer which modulates the signal. Then the modulated signal is added and subtracted from the battery power. Then the signal produced goes to the laser and produces a laser beam of the varying intensities i.e. electric signal is converted to the light signal. This varying intensity beam hits the solar panel across the room, whose work is to convert this light signal to the electric signal and which goes to the audio amplifier to produce sound. Now it is interesting that how this speaker produces sound. This is very simple; speaker is just a paper cone which is attached to the coil of wire, which is in magnetic field due to a powerful permanent magnet. Now when electric current flows through the coil, it makes coil an electromagnet which moves away and towards the permanent magnet, which disturbs the air in paper cone, if it is moving away then it will compress the air at back and expand the air at front. These waves produced from compression and expansion is heard by our ears. This is how a Laser communication system is made [6]. On critically evaluating the key paper against the objectives which the author had set, the out come is that he is completely able to satisfy the aim of the project. By doing the procedures told in the project we can transmit signal from one end to another with the help of LASER. This project is cheap and very much informative too. Chapter 3: Evaluation and Outcomes If whole assessment of the data or information present in this research is done, then the conclusion is that researchers finding are justified. As by following the methodology or procedures of the researcher we are successfully transmitting data from one end to another with the help of the Laser by using cheap and simple components. In this experiment we can transmit data in form of voice from one end to another by the use of Laser wirelessly. The conclusions and the predictions made by the researcher are totally justified and also the methods used are completely working. This is an experimental procedure which tells that it is possible to transfer data from one point to another point with the help of the Laser. The outcome of the detailed research is positive. And following are the points which will tell us about the advantages of Laser communication systems [7]. 3.1 Enormous Bandwidths If we have used optical fibers in the system, then the data holding capability of the system is increased at a great rate. As this data holding capacity is directly proportional to the frequency of signal. 3.2 Low transmission loss As the signal is directly transmitted to the other end, and if no obstruction is in between the light, then the transmission loss is very low. 3.3 Invulnerable to noise The laser communication system using optical fibers are immune to noise and cross talks. And the systems which does not use the optical fibers are also immune to noise up to a limit, as there is very less transmission 3.4 High data rate The data rate in the Laser communication system is very high 3.5 Electrical Isolation Laser and optical fibers both are not affected by the electrical shocks. So both of them can operate near high voltage devices 3.6 Small size and weight The size and weight of both Laser and optical fibers is very small. So they are easy to handle. They occupy very less space as compared to the electrical equipments. Due to these rewards it makes it possible to use in aircrafts and satellites more successfully. 3.7 Signal security This point has two different point of views, if in system we are using optical fiber. Then our system is 100 percent secure as optical fibers do not radiate any power. Whereas if we are not using optical fibers then our information is not secured 3.8 Cheap and good availability Since Lasers and optical fibers both are available easily. And they are cheap also, which makes a efficient and cheap communication system. 3.9 Reliability There is less attenuation of the signal, so the integrity of the signal is saved. Therefore it makes the system more reliable. Some more advantages are [8] No difficulty in deployment High Data rate Bit error rate is very low Process can be fully duplex Protocol simplicity Fresnel zone is not important The Laser communication system using optical fiber is more preferred because using this method laser can be traveled to very far distances and also without any losses. The optical fibers can be connected using the connectors and splices. By using these, light can be made to move across the curvature of earth. Eventually we cant move light in circular path or cant be bent along the corners. But with the use of these connectors the light made to move like that without losses [10]. Chapter 4: Personal Recommendation for Further Investigation The recommendations for the further investigation will conclude some challenges faced by the Laser communication systems for the long distance. These challenges must be encountered to have a very good communication system [3, 4]. 4.1 Challenges in laser communication system Some of the major challenges are: Physical barriers This is one of the major challenges faced by Laser communication system. As whenever any obstructions comes in between the laser then the connection is broken immediately and we lose our data. Beam scattering During the long distance communications in Laser communication systems we face a problem called beam dispersion. That means after traveling a long distance the laser beam starts dispersing, which reduces the reliability of the systems. But if we use optical fibers then this dispersion can be ruled out. Fog, Snow, Rain and Smog or Pollution These are some of the elements which reduce the efficiency of the laser communication systems. They do not provide great deal of attenuation to the signal but still it hampers the signal. Circumstantial light and Shadowing The effectiveness of the system is also reduced when there is a background light source to the laser as the light from that source is also received by the receiver which create errors in the signal Atmospheric captivation Some part of the light signal is absorbed by the atmosphere. Due to which the signal is not completely attainted by the receiver. Scintillation All the laser communication systems are affected by the scintillation at the great deal in clear sunny days. But there are also some methods by which it can be controlled like tuned receivers, tuned filters, equally spaced transmitters and all. Pointing stability This is also an important factor in the Laser communication systems. To avoid this we may widen the beam divergence so that receiver still remains in contact. Security Security is the most important challenge to be faced by the Laser communication system. We have got the models for laser communication systems but the information is not secured. It can be theft by anyone easily. That is a different case if we are using optical fibers but in system in which we do not use these fibers are very much in secure and this is an important issue. 4.2 Challenges in optical fibers The optical fibers are very costly. Optical fibers are delicate and can be easily broken. Optical fibers are affected by the chemicals. There opaqueness is also a problem. To operate and work on the optical fiber we need a specialist and skilled person. All of the above points fall in the area of further investigation. Some of them are done and some are still there to be investigated. These areas are very important and we need to investigate in these areas because today the communication industry is a backbone of every industry without communication industry no industry can survive. 4.3 Business benefits On taking the business perspective of the improvements in these area will lead to the better communications at low cost, low loss of the signals, better performance, negligible time delay, better security, less complex systems, will increase the reliability of the communications, more and more application areas (such as medical, lighting and many more) Chapter 5: Personal Development Plan 5.1 Personal Description I am Gibbran Jamil. Currently I am pursuing my Masters of Science (MSc.) in Mobile and Satellite Communications from London Metropolitan University, London. I have done my Bachelors of Science in Computer Enigineering in Pakistan. From starting of my technical career I had a great interest in all this communication systems. I always was curious to know about communication systems, how they work, how they are made, how they transfer data, how link is made, how can two persons talk or share stuff on wires or how we can talk to each other without having any physical connection and all that. So I decided to go for my MSc. in Mobile and Satellite communications. I am doing this MSc. course because at present I am not that good in the technical stuff, so I want to improve my knowledge and grow technically and personally in this field. I want to work in the area, where I can improve the efficiency of the communication system. I either can work for a company or can work alone, but the basic idea is to reduce all the limitations in the communication system. There are many things in any communication system to be improved; like noise can be further reduced, received power from satellite can be increased, accuracy of the data can be increased, security of communication system can be increased, cost can be more reduced and many more things like that. Definitely first, I will go for one particular task and then move forward. I hope I am on the right path and I also hope after completing my Masters I will be having good technical and practical knowledge because right now I am concentrating on my all the modules and trying to grasp as many things as possible and my tutors are helping at a great deal in that. Still there is never an end for learning, i

Should all handguns be legalized? Essay -- Legal Issues, Weapon, Pros,

Should handguns be legalized? As we all know, guns as a whole have been a controversial issue for people from all walks of life. One side feels that guns should be legalized and the other side that feels guns should be completely illegal. When someone is in a dangerous situation, he or she should have the right to defend his or herself. However, if one is against guns, how is that person going to be able to defend him or herself? Because of this, I am a huge proponent of guns when it comes down to being in a dangerous situation. What some people fail to realize are the reasons why people need a gun in the first place. Some argue that guns kill people and the misuse of guns is growing at an alarming rate. The way I see it, people kill people and guns are not the only weapon of choice. I feel that guns should be legalized because it’s our country’s second amendment, individuals who live in bad neighborhoods need them, people who are put in dangerous situations also need them, guns also provide a sense of security and more guns decreases the crime rate. It is clear that our Second Amendment guarantees our right to bear arms. The author of â€Å"Guns as Smut Darrell Miller† states that the U.S. Supreme Court held that our Second Amendment guarantees an personal individual the right to keep and bear arms (1278). Miller also reports that our Second Amendment guarantees an individual the right to keep and bear arms for personal protection (1280). Author Edwin Vieira Jr. states that it is undoubtedly true that all citizens are capable of bearing arms (23). Vieira also states that during the entire 19th century and most of the 20th century, America suffered from no pervasive gun control of the modern variety (23). Since our Second Amendment... ...ecrease murder rates†). The city only started allowing citizens to own handguns for self-defense again in late 2008 (â€Å"Guns decrease murder rates†). Many people that are against guns feel that more guns mean more crime but at the same time, the evidence clearly proves that if handguns where legal in all fifty states, violent crimes would drastically decrease. An intruder would not approach someone that owned a gun knowing that the consequences of getting wounded will increase. With our country’s second Amendment, living in urban areas with high crime rate, people being put in bad situations, guns providing a sense of security, and guns decreasing crime rates, it is evident that I have legitimate reasons why handguns should be legalized. Although Americans have the right to defend themselves but furthermore, the use of guns should come with responsibility.

Failure of Communism Essay -- Communism Essays

In theory, communism is a fantastic idea for society. According to Collin’s English Dictionary, communism is â€Å"a classless society in which private ownership has been abolished and the means of production and subsistence belong to the community† (Dictionary.com). While communism is most often erroneously associated with the Soviet Union and China, they are in fact a totalitarian deviation of the philosophical ideal. In a true communistic society, no government would be found. In a true communistic society, no government would be found. In practice, communism is doomed to fail due to the flaws of human nature. Two flaws in particular contribute to this collapse more than any other-- greed and pride. Greed is the man who needs what is not necessary for survival. Greed instills in men a thirst for power and wipes all charity from their thoughts. Pride is the man who looks down upon his peers, feeling that he is better than any other, or the man who seeks to ru le over them and guide them through his apparent wisdom. The governments of the former Soviet-Union and Romania, as well as present day North Korea, China and Cuba, are considered to be Marxist-Leninist states (a form of communism). These countries are ruled by a single, all-powerful government body, with a single individual as the head of that government. All people of the state are said to be equal, with no one above the other. Yet the ruler, advisors, and military live in better conditions than the commoners, already contradicting the basic ideals of communism. These governments take their hypocrisy one step farther by using the majority of the earnings of the citizens to support lavish lifestyles of the royal families or rulers, as well as the army of the nation... ...ny things, both good and bad. For pride and greed to be found, one must think of themselves and only themselves. Of course, ants can not do that. One could argue that we, as a species, need our flaws to survive. The failure of communism rests solely on our flaws as humans with greed and pride being at the forefront. Our inadequacies can be traced across every attempt at communism or form of communism. Until we evolve to the point of perfection, communism will not be able to exist without corruption and inevitable collapse. Works Cited Dictionay.com. n. p. Web. 20 Sept 2010. Conover, Adele. â€Å"To Fathom a Colony’s Talk and Toil, Studying Insects One by One.† The New York Times. 27 April 2009. n. pag. Web. 21 Sept. 2010. Rich, G.J. â€Å"A biochemical approach to the study of personality.† Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 23.2 (1928): 158-175. Print.

General Environment Analysis for Hsbc in Mainland China Essay

Economy -We know the high speed of China’s growing economy. With the development of the economy in China, Chinese customers’ consumption power has been going up. More people are accepting the consumption ways such as credit card and installment plan. -Not only individuals, small and medium sized enterprises play significant roles in China’s economy. Since China’s reform and open-door policy, huge amount of small and medium sized enterprises come out. They demand capital and it is relatively harder for them to get it so they rely more on banks. Demography Middle Class in China is growing and they own stronger purchase ability and at the same time they got the sense of investment. Political/ Legal Since entering the WTO and in December 2006, China formally opened the banking industry to the world, which means that foreign banks are able to conduct RMB business in China. However, every move of the foreign banks are regulated by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. For example, the loan-to-deposit ratio must be strictly controlled within 75%. Therefore, how to satisfy this number and how to deal with the numerator and denominator are what HSBC needs to take into consideration. Technological The development of Internet has led to the prosperity of e-commerce. HSBC might consider cooperating with such related companies like some online stores and payment platforms to expand the retail business. Global The destruction of the financial crisis on the global economy had in particular impact on the parent bank of HSBC, and this has inevitably affected the subsidiaries in China. Sociocultural Traditionally, Chinese people prefer saving than investing. As for investment, people prefer low-risk financial products. Low-risk with high-return investment products will be the one kind people pursue.

Newscorp strategic planning process model

NewsCorp (News Corporation) is a public company which is listed on the Australian and New York Stock Exchange. The corporation is also listed as a secondary listing on the London Stock Exchange. Newscorp was formerly incorporated in South Australia, and after a majority of the company’s shareholders approved relocation, Newscorp was re-incorporated in Delaware, in the United States on the 12th of November, 2004. Newscorp has its headquarters in New York, at 1211 Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Ave.), in the more modern 1960s-1970s corridor of the Rockefeller Center complex. I. HISTORICAL ANALYSIS Rupert Murdoch inherited assets in 1952, after his father died, and was able to create Newscorp was created in 1980, as a holding company for News Limited. Murdoch created news limited from assets he inherited in the year 1952 after his father, Sir Keith Murdoch died. A main asset left to him was the ownership of the Adelaide news. A. Businesses In: News corp. is today, to be one of the largest transnational media conglomerates on this planet. Its headquarters is in Sidney, Australia, almost every major parts of the world: United States, Continental Europe, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Latin America Asia etc covered by its global business operations including production and distribution of motion pictures and TV, Publication of newspaper, magazines and books. (http://www.courses.psu.edu/comm/comm497d_amh13/fall01/newscorp.html) In 1987, the company [through subsidiary news international] mad an adjustment in the production process of its British newspapers, something the printing union had long maintained a highly restrictive grip. Some numbers of senior Australian media moguls were brought into Murdoch’s powerhouse, including John Dux, who was the managing director of the south china morning post. This resulted to conflict with the printing unions NGA and SOGAT. When News international’s London operation was to whapping in the East End, it resulted to nightly battles outside the new plant. Delivery vans and depots were frequently and violently attacked, ultimately the union capitulated. In 1995, fox network was scrutinized by the federal communication commission [FCC] when it was alleged that its Australian base made Murdoch’s ownership of fox illegal. They however ruled in his favor stating that his ownership of fox was in the public’s best interest. It was also noted that the stations themselves were owned by a separate company whose chief shareholder was U.S. citizen Murdoch, nearly all of the stations’ equity was controlled by Newscorp. Newscorp announced a deal in the same year with MCI communication to develop a major website as well as launch the foxtel pay television network in Australia in   partnership with Telstra and publishing and broadcasting limited. In 1996, fox established the fox news channel, a 24hrs cable news station. In 1999, its music holding in Australia was significantly expanded by acquiring the controlling share in a leading Australian based label, Michael Gudinski’s mushroom records, merging it with already held festive records [FMR]. They were both managed by Rupert Murdoch’s son James Murdoch for several years. In late 2003, newsdorp acquired a 34% in Hughes direct TV from General Motors for electronic operations of the largest American TV system, $6billion. Newscorp reached an agreement in 2007 to purchase Dow Jones publications of the wall street journal for an estimated $ 5.6billion. On 15 Oct 2007, the corporation spun off a business news channel from fox news, fox business news. â€Å"Their lawyers reviewed all the details of the contract between Dow Jones and cnbc† said Alex Glock fox business news’s vice president and the channel’s morning anchor. But she added, â€Å"We will actively use the other Dow Jones properties†. (Alex Glock) B. Goal Clarification Making the most of Dow Jones: Cohen pointed to newscorp’s. past statement that it could realize $50million in cost savings, specific offers were demurred by chermin, saying we believe there are significant cost savings on the print side. â€Å"We would like to see the deal close before we offer any number or predications. In the broadcast terms, Dow Jones NYSE News .people revenue comes from two areas and one of those areas print, is under -leveraged.† (http://rate.forbes.com/comments/CommentServlet?op=cpage&sourcename=story&StoryURI=2007/09/17/newscorp-earnings-digital-tech-cx_pco_0917paidcontent.html) C. Strategies and Tactics fulfilling the Goals Annual conference: News Corporation always organizes an annual management conference, discussing media related issues to geopolitics. Those that attend include news corporation executives, senor journalist, politicians and celebrities. Cancun, Mexico, Australia, hosted such events. They were private and secretive, records are not available for the agenda neither were talks given at the conference and no uninvited journalist are permitted access. The 2006 event was in pebble beach California led by Rupert Murdoch, leaked copy of the agenda to the Los Angeles Times and other media accounts showed that issues discussed related from Europe to broadcasting and new media terrorism to the national policy. The event included speeches from Rupert Murdoch, former governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Prime Minister Tony Blair, Bono, Al Gore, Hillary and Bill Clinton etc. D. Environmental Analysis News Corporation made its first acquisition in the United States in 1973 when it purchased the San Antonio Express- News and after founded the National Star, a supermarket tabloid and purchased the New York post in 1976. in 1981, it bought half the movie studio 20th century fox and the other half in 1984. In 1958, it announced it was buying the metro media group of stations, setting the stage for the launch of a fourth U.S broadcast network. In September 4 1985, Murdoch became a naturalized citizen to satisfy the legal requirement that only United States citizens could buy and own television stations. In 1986, the metro media deal closed and the fox broadcasting company was lauded. This network known and seen as â€Å"FOX† can now be picked up in over 96% of US household. In 1987, newscorp bought the Herald and Weekly Times ltd. In Australia the company that Rupert Murdoch’s father had once managed. By 1991, newscorp had amassed Hugh debt which forced it to sell many of the American magazine interest it had acquired in the 1980s. Much of this debt came from its stake in the sky television satellite network in the uk, which incurred massive losses in its early years of operation which was subsidized with profits heavily from other of its holdings until it forced its rival to accept a merger on its terms in 1990. The merger company BSKYB has dominated the British pay- TV market since. E. Competitive Analysis News Corporation. [NYSE: NWS, NWSA, ASX: NWS, NWSLV.] As at December 2007, News Corp had total assets of approximately US $69billion and total revenue of $31billion. They are diversified in their entertainment with operations in eight industries segments: television, filmed entertainment, cable network programmes, direct broadcast satellite television, magazines and inserts etc. newscorp activities are conducted in the United States, Continental Europe, UK, Australia and Pacific Basin. F. Strengths and Weaknesses of the organization News Corp’s revenue for the year ended as at June 30, 2007 was $28.655billion with operating income of $4.452billion. â€Å"This does not include newscorp’s minority shares of the revenue from direct TV and British sky broadcasting, almost 70% of the company’s sales is from its U.S. business.† (http://www.newscorp.com/investor/investments.html) References Alex Glock http://www.courses.psu.edu/comm/comm497d_amh13/fall01/newscorp.html http://www.newscorp.com/investor/investments.html http://rate.forbes.com/comments/CommentServlet?op=cpage&sourcename=story&StoryURI=2007/09/17/newscorp-earnings-digital-tech-cx_pco_0917paidcontent.html http://www.hofstra.edu/Libraries/Axinn/axinn_jnstructions_busres_bzhmpage.cfm http://www.newscorp.com/Report2007/AnnualReport2007/HTML2/news_corp_ar2007_0069.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Corporation http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/business/news/e3i729f8835496e3ace5be346c06e9db2f7 http://www.news.com.au/business/story/0,23636,22617852-14334,00.html http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960821-2,00.html http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960821-3,00.html http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i118a16d2ff59590bd77181d8da9c9fb9 Fox Business makes TV debut, Hollywood Reporter, 16 October 2007. Accessed: 10-17-2007 Fox Business Network blazes new trail, USA Today, 14 October 2007. Accessed: 10-17-2007. Fox Business: Fluff meets financial, Toronto Globe and Mail, 16 October 2007. Accessed: 10-17-2007. http://www.theage.com.au/news/BUSINESS/News-Corp-Murdoch-trust-sells-shares/2007/11/16/1194766914058.html â€Å"Murdoch's son sees pay doubled ahead of exit† http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5248387077652418022&q=alwaleed&hl=en Kercheval, Nancy and Danielle Rossingh. â€Å"News Corp. to Sell U.S. TV Stations for $1.1 Billion (Update5)†, Bloomberg.com, 2007-12-22. Retrieved on 2007-12-22. â€Å"Murdoch's Pebble Beach shindig†, Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2007-12-01. â€Å"Bono and Blair to join Murdoch on the beach†, Guardian. Retrieved on 2007-12-01. â€Å"The PM, the mogul and the secret agenda†, Guardian. Retrieved on 2007-12-01. FCC, (2001). FCC Approves Fox/Chris-Craft Merger with Conditions, FCC 01-209 www.fcc.gov Fox Entertainment Group, (2001). Annual Report www.fox.com Hoovers, (2001). Profile on News Corp. www.hoovers.com Hoovers, (2001). Profile on Fox Entertainment Group www.hoovers.com Hoovers, (2001). September 11 Consequences, www.hoovers.com, downloaded on 11/29/01. Hoovers, (2001). News Corporation Reports Double Digit Film Operating Income Growth in First Quarter, www.hoovers.com, downloaded on 11/29/01. News Corporation Inc. (2001). Annual Report www.newscorp.com News Corporation Inc. (2001). Executive Management www.newscorp.com/management/ The Star (2001). Murdoch says 50:50 chance to win Hughes, www.hoovers.com Valueline (2001). Profile on News Corp. www.valueline.com

Research Preliminaries Essay

This course is a brief overview about research design that is intended to cover the basics of designing and implementing a scientific study. Although this course will address every step of the research process, it is by no means exhaustive and is no substitute for a college level course in research methodology, nor is it a substitute for an experienced research advisor. Choosing a Topic For a researcher to choose a topic for a project, it is important to consider a broad area of inquiry and interest. This may be as broad as â€Å"global eye health† or â€Å"personality psychology,† but it should be an area that is of interest to the researcher. However, a broad area is useful only at the beginning of a research plan. Within a broader topic of inquiry, each researcher must begin narrowing the field into a few subtopics that are of greater specificity and detail. For example, a researcher may be interested in â€Å"global eye health,† but could focus more specifically on â€Å"proper eye care and how it affects individuals.† Although this topic is still too broad for a research project, it is more focused and can be further specified into a coherent project. Literature Review The literature review should be conducted early in the research process, directly after you choose a topic. A literature review can bring clarity and focus to your research problem and broaden your knowledge base in your research area. The literature review is crucial because an important responsibility in research is to add to a body of knowledge and to compare your findings with others. The procedure is simple: search the literature in your area of interest, review the selected studies, and develop a theoretical framework for your own study What makes a good research question? Not all research questions are good ones—in other words, not all questions can be answered through qualitative and quantitative research methodology. A good research question needs to: 1. â€Å"Make sense†: In other words, you must clearly define your terms using known definitions outlined in the literature. For example, a poor research question would be: How do people’s lives improve after surgery? Not only does this research question fail to specify the study population, it contains the vague term â€Å"improve†. The researcher must specify what he/she means by this term—does it involve a physical improvement or rather an improvement in mental state? The more specific your research question, the better. 2. Address an important and relevant issue: Scientific research is done to increase knowledge, not simply for a single researcher’s personal satisfaction. Whatever question the researcher sets out to solve must have some beneficial implications. A good research question will also always have relevance to the time, place, and population of the study. Not already have been done: A good research study will be novel. This means that there will be some new aspect of the study that has never before been examined. In fact, not only is replication a good way to get a research methodology, it is how science is supposed to advance knowledge. When replicating a pervious study, it is best to add or change one or two things to increase the novelty of the research. 3. Be â€Å"operationalizable†: Oftentimes, beginning researchers pose questions that cannot be operationalized, or assessed methodologically with research instruments. From the example above, the idea of life improvement could be operationalized by a Quality of Life survey—a well known and validated research tool. In general, the more abstract the idea, the harder it is to operationalize. 4. Be within a reasonable scope: A good research project will be manageable in depth and breadth. The scope will depend on the amount of time and the availability of resources you have for your study. In general, the more focused the research question the more likely it will be a successful project. For example, a study that seeks to identify the prevalence eye disease in a specific village is more likely to succeed than a comparable study that seeks to identify eye disease prevalence in the world population. Qualitative and Quantitative Studies Not all research projects require study measures. Some research simply involves observing the results of events in the field and drawing conclusions based on a theoretical framework. Others may involve analyzing data from clinics or other institutions, using statistics and reasoning to find patterns that may have important implications. However, many projects involve direct contact with participants, using an operationalized definition of a phenomenon. These projects require well-designed measures in order to be considered valid. There are two broad categories of research: quantitative and qualitative. A study is classified as qualitative if the purpose is primarily to describe a situation, phenomenon, problem or event; the information is gathered through the use of variables or measured on qualitative measurement scales, and if analysis is done to establish the variation in the situation or problem without quantifying it. Qualitative studies tend to be more â€Å"in-depth†, focusing on a smaller population but probing deeper into a given problem. This research is often associated with focus groups, interviews or surveys and seeks to answer open-ended questions. Thematic and content analysis are two methods used to analyze qualitative data. Disciplines such as anthropology, history, and sociology are more inclined towards a qualitative approach. On the other hand, quantitative studies often use standardized measures, numerical values, have larger sample sizes, and analyze data using statistical programs. A study is classified as quantitative if the researcher seeks to quantify the variation in a phenomenon and if information is gathered using quantitative variables. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches have their strengths and weaknesses, and advantages and disadvantages. Disciplines such as epidemiology, economics and public health are more inclined towards quantitative research. Hypothesis A hypothesis is a suggested explanation for an observed relationship or a causal prediction about a relationship among several variables. Every research project is based on a hypothesis, which generally begins with a specific question. A hypothesis takes the operationalized definition of the factors to produce a clear prediction of the causal relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable in the statement. The independent variable is a factor that the researcher can control or manipulate (whether or not a person receives basic eye care services), and a dependent variable is a factor that the researcher cannot manipulate, but instead varies in relation to the independent variable (the economic productivity of the individual). For example, a hypothesis might be â€Å"We predict that if nearsighted participants are provided with corrective lenses that bring their vision to 20/20, they will earn more money per week on average over the course of three months than nearsighted participants who did not receive corrective lenses.† When formulating a hypothesis, it is important not to try to â€Å"prove† that the hypothesis is true. Instead, one should seek to find evidence that it is not true.

Importance of the Lotus Flower in Chinese Culture

Importance of the Lotus Flower in Chinese Culture The lotus’ importance comes from Buddhism, and is one of the eight precious things in Buddhism. The lotus is said to bloom in Beijing on lunar April 8 (the Buddha’s birthday) and lunar January 8 is Lotus Day. A cultural taboo related to the lotus is  if a woman sews on lunar Lotus Day, she will have menstrual trouble. The lotus (è“ ®Ã¨Å  ±, lin huÄ , è  ·Ã¨Å  ±, hà © huÄ ) is known as the gentleman’s flower because it grows out from the mud, pure and unstained. The he in a man’s name indicates he is either a Buddhist or connected to Buddhism. The he in a woman’s name is a wish that she be pure and respected. è“ ® (lin) sounds similar to è  ¯ (lin, to bind, connect as in marriage); 戀(lin) means to love while Ã¥ »â€° (lin) means modesty; è  · (hà ©)sounds similar to å’Å' ( hà ©, also, one after another, uninterrupted). trouble. In Buddhism, the Lotus Symbolizes: One who comes out of mire but is not sulliedInwardly empty, outwardly uprightPurityFruit, flower and the stalk of the lotus past, present and future Famous Pictures and Sayings Related to the Lotus Lotus bloom with a leaf and bud means a complete union.Magpie sitting on the stamens of a blown lotus and picking seeds: xiguo may you have the joy (xi) of passing one exam (guo) after another (lian)A boy with a carp (yu) beside a lotus (lian) means may you have abundance (yu) year in and year out (lian).Two lotus blooms or a lotus and a blossom on one stem means wish for shared heart and harmony, because è  · (hà ©) means union.A lotus (which represents a girl) and a fish (symbolizing a boy) means love.Red lotus blossom symbolizes the female genitals, and courtesans were often called red lotus.Lotus stem symbolizes the male genitalsA blue lotus stem (qing) symbolizes cleanliness and modestyLotus symbolizes He Xian-gu.The picture of a man on a boat surrounded by lotus blossoms is writer and philosopher Zhou Dun-yi (1017 to 1073) who liked the flower.

Methods of presentation influence the viewers response.

Methods of presentation influence the viewers response. The methods of presentation influence the viewer's response to the people involved, events reported and the cultural beliefs of a certain topic, showing how the commercial broadcasting stations present reports manipulating the information given to influence the viewer on a certain viewpoint or opinion presented.There are many methods that influence a viewer's response such as the usage of technical and audio codes and the role of the reporter, yet the two main components in this report are the usage selection of detail and the usage of language.Current affairs and news reports all have ways of presenting a story whether it be on a critical topic such as whether the country should go to war or on a non critical one such as building a new roadway. Yet we as viewers will be drawn in to the report due to the methods that are used by presenters of the story.Norm SingletonThese stories are presented in such a way to influence your own personal response to whatever is viewed and the respons e of cultural beliefs within the community.A report uses many methods to influence a viewer's response, one of which is the selection of detail. The article presented revolved around an elderly "lolly pop person", with the addition of a name "Norm", which comes across to the viewer as someone who is a friendly old person doing his job and who is worthy of his name mentioned on national television. The report also included the information that he was fired from working at a school where he was at for more than 14 years. This selection of detail was used to make Norm sound as though he has been badly done by after his long period of devoted service. Once again with the usage of selective detail...

Free Essays on Summer

Out of all the four seasons that we receive each year here in United States, the one that has appealed to me the most is the summer time. Why you ask? There are a lot of things to do and activities that are available for our us during summer compared to the other seasons. Plus the warm weather, the sunny days, and the long bright nights we receive during that time makes our summer time even more exciting and fun. A typical college student like me who does full time school and still manages to work 20 hours a week is a ongoing struggle and stress over the whole school year. Sleepless nights doing homework, studying and analyzing the next lesson for the next lecture, a twenty page reading every night is my daily routine, and this provides me a little over a maximum of 4 - 6 hours of sleep everyday. And this is a harsh daily routine for me until summer comes. Summer time allows me to get at least 8 hours of sleep every day for 7 days a week and that is something unheard of during this time around. With the school being out for 3 months, summer is the greatest time to catch up with sleep and rest. Something I’ve been wanting since the beginning of the semester. No homework, no studying, and yes there is no school. Typically every summer when there is no school, I always get on a 3 month vacation from my job or either leave my job if they don’t allow that. Summer is a great time to travel and explore great new places either around United States or other parts of the world. Typically I will travel around North America with my closest friends. Road trip is probably the best choice for us. Down south has the best places, Florida, New Orleans, California, Las Vegas, and Tijuana, Mexico has the best places that we visited and the most memorable. Not only vacations gives you time to yourself, It is also a great time to bond with you friends, and family. With all the time I spent in school and work, last this school year, havi... Free Essays on Summer Free Essays on Summer Out of all the four seasons that we receive each year here in United States, the one that has appealed to me the most is the summer time. Why you ask? There are a lot of things to do and activities that are available for our us during summer compared to the other seasons. Plus the warm weather, the sunny days, and the long bright nights we receive during that time makes our summer time even more exciting and fun. A typical college student like me who does full time school and still manages to work 20 hours a week is a ongoing struggle and stress over the whole school year. Sleepless nights doing homework, studying and analyzing the next lesson for the next lecture, a twenty page reading every night is my daily routine, and this provides me a little over a maximum of 4 - 6 hours of sleep everyday. And this is a harsh daily routine for me until summer comes. Summer time allows me to get at least 8 hours of sleep every day for 7 days a week and that is something unheard of during this time around. With the school being out for 3 months, summer is the greatest time to catch up with sleep and rest. Something I’ve been wanting since the beginning of the semester. No homework, no studying, and yes there is no school. Typically every summer when there is no school, I always get on a 3 month vacation from my job or either leave my job if they don’t allow that. Summer is a great time to travel and explore great new places either around United States or other parts of the world. Typically I will travel around North America with my closest friends. Road trip is probably the best choice for us. Down south has the best places, Florida, New Orleans, California, Las Vegas, and Tijuana, Mexico has the best places that we visited and the most memorable. Not only vacations gives you time to yourself, It is also a great time to bond with you friends, and family. With all the time I spent in school and work, last this school year, havi...