The Ethical Implications Of Euthanasia - 1836 Words

Professor Bill Talbott from University of Washington defines killing and letting die as follows: killing is the direct action of a person involved in the process of ending another life, while letting die is consciously not taking actions to preserve someone’s life [1]. For example, if a terminally ill cancer patient without hope for a cure or improvement decides to end their life, then is the way they choose to end their life significant? Many circumstances commonly encountered that raises the question of the ethical implications and differences between killing and letting die are physician assisted suicide for terminally ill patients, euthanasia for terminally ill patients, do not resuscitate (DNR) command by next of kin, withholding all care and nourishment from a vegetative or comatose patient, or unwanted premature infants [2]. The concepts of killing a patient or letting a patient die are only considered under extreme medical conditions, mostly at the request of the patie nt. At which point, the distinction between killing and letting die becomes significant to appease the moral stigma that may follow from aiding in the act of ending life. Kantian moral theory states that every rationale person is equal, entitled to autonomy and every life is equal. It also states that each life is valuable and it is our moral duty to protect life [2]. Both direct action (killing) and indirect action (letting die) are morally wrong because they are both conscious acts of aiding in theShow MoreRelatedVoluntary/Assisted Euthanasia Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesVoluntary/Assisted Euthanasia Grand Canyon University Ethical Decision Making in Health Care Voluntary/Assisted Euthanasia (Thesis, Description of the topic and related ethical implications, Obligations to your profession and work as a nurse) Debra Burden The purpose of this paper is to define the issue and legalities of assisted death and the key ethical arguments, including the social values and norms, encompassing this topic. Also included in this paper on voluntary/assisted suicideRead MoreEuthanasia: An Ethical Dilema Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesof Ethical Theory: Webster’s defines euthanasia as, â€Å"the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy.† According to the principalism theory, principalism uses key ethical principles of beneficence (do good), nonmaleficence (do no harm), autonomy (respect for the person’s ability to act in his or her own best interests), and justice in the resolution of ethical conflictsRead MoreThe Islamic Ethical Principles Of Euthanasia Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesHOW DOES ISLAM RESPOND TO EUTHANASIA? INTRODUCTION The objective of my inquiry is to find and investigate the Islamic ethical principles of the act of euthanasia, to see how Islam responds to euthanasia. The Islamic ethical principles that this investigation addresses includes the sanctity of human life and how only Allah has the right to decide the length of our lives, in relation to evidence given by the authentic Islamic sources of Quran, Hadith (sayings of the Prophet [Peace and Blessings ofRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of The Medical Field1619 Words   |  7 PagesAn ethical dilemma is a situation that involves a mental conflict between moral obligations and imperatives whereby one obeying them may transgress another. For a situation to be termed as an ethical dilemma; an ‘agent’ must make a decision regarding an action they perceive best. Also, there must be a variety of different course of action that one can choose from, and that regardless of the course of action taken in the situation an ethical principle must be compromised. It means that in an ethicalRead MoreAssisted Suicide : A Controversial Subject1224 Words   |  5 Pagessubject that welcomes death over life and presents many ethical dilemmas. We are frequently confronted with situations that raise ethical and moral questioning in our lifetimes. Traumatic events, as witnessed in the cases of Terri Schiavo, Brittany Maynard and Dax Cowart, often leave an impression on one s mortality and fate. Decisions may leave us questioning our moral, ethical, and spiritual beliefs. This report will address the ethical implications providing the pro’s and con’s, As well as principlesRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Of Physician Assisted Suicide1580 Words   |  7 Pageshappiness through both living and acting well . Thus regardless of whether man is inherently evil or good, we aspire for the highest form of happiness. Through the implications and discourse of vice and virtue, this paper explores the relevance of Aristotle’s mora l philosophy in modern day and will be applied to the contemporary ethical issue surrounding physician assisted suicide. By exploring Aristotle’s work through primary and secondary sources, this paper will discuss the greater good and happinessRead MoreMoral Question of Hastening the Death of a Terminally Ill Patient1220 Words   |  5 Pagescome through as weather the practice of euthanasia is an ethically correct medical procedure. There are many decisions that must be made regarding how to properly treat a individual who want to end there own life. Controversial views have always been made against those who suggest that terminally ill or incurably suffering people should be allowed to ask for and receive help to die if they so wish. The same set of arguments in opposition toward euthanasia is, that life is sacred and by legalizingRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal? Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia: The Right to Die Euthanasia is a concept that has been around for a very long time. It has been practiced since ancient Greece. We all have different opinions towards it; some of us might be for it and others against it. In most parts of the world Euthanasia is illegal. Many countries have denied the right to euthanasia, but is that fair and ethical? It is the painless killing of a patient’s agony from an incurable and painful disease. Euthanasia should be legalRead MoreEuthanasia Should Be Allowed And Protected By Legislation1656 Words   |  7 Pagesshe lives in has not legalized euthanasia and she is forced to live with the excruciating mental and physical pain for many more months. Many believe that a person who is terminally ill should retain the right to choose whether or not they want to die and defend the practice by saying it is financially suitable. Euthanasia should be allowed and protected by legislation because it a human’s ethical right to die and it is also economic ally sensible. Narratio Euthanasia is used to terminate the lifeRead MoreEuthanasia Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Kraig Ekstein Buck, Todd RELU 110 October 27, 2013 Euthanasia Throughout the world there are many contemporary ethical issues pertaining different religions throughout the globe. These issues have been around for many years and are still quite debated in today’s society. One of the most controversial issues is wither euthanasia is right or wrong. Euthanasia is an ongoing topic in religions throughout the world and each carries their own personal beliefs on the topic. In order to understand how

The Role of the Narrator in The Great Gatsby Essay

The Role of the Narrator in The Great Gatsby The role of the narrator is to establish a link with the outside world and the one in which he lives. Nick in essence becomes the eyes and ears of the novel. And through him the basis of opinions that occur on the other characters are created. Nick becomes the sole source for information in the novel. Nick also participates in the novel, and is not just an observer. Nick provides the novels moral framework. Nick Carraway the Narrator starts off with a little bit about himself as to provide some background on his life. 1I graduated from New Haven in 1915, just a quarter of a century after my father, and a little later I participated in that delayed Teutonic migration known as†¦show more content†¦3After two years I remember the rest of that day, and that night and the next day, only as an endless drill of police and photographers and newspaper men in and out of Gatsbys front door. There is a two year time lapse at this part in the novel from when all the main events took place. A reader must remember this, when reading the novel, as Nick can easily forget some of the important points that took place. The reader must keep these points in mind as it might provide better understanding of the novel. Nick provides the moral framework for this novel which helps to shape your opinions of the other characters. 4Whenever you feel like criticizing any one, he told me, just remember that all the people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had. Nick quotes his father, at this point in the book. He points out that he shouldnt forget any details, since it may give the wrong impression to the reader. 5I am still a little afraid of missing something if I forget that, as my father snobbishly suggested, and I snobbishly repeat, a sense of the fundamental decencies is parcelled out unequally at birth. This gives the reader some insight into Nicks own personal values. He also reminds himself of his fathers words of wisdom. through this quote he tries to point out that each person is born into the world under different circumstances, and thus each personShow MoreRelated Views on the role of Nick as a narrator in the Great Gatsby have2454 Words   |  10 PagesViews on the role of Nick as a narrator in the Great Gatsby have varied greatly. How do the views of Arthur Mizener and Gary J. Scrimgeour relate to your own view of Nicks function in the novel? Published in 1925, and written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby is a brilliant and scathing illustration of life among the new rich during the 1920s; people who had recently amassed a great deal of wealth but had no corresponding social connections, or a sense of morality. Nick CarrawayRead More Nick Carraway as Narrator of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1107 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Nick Carraway as Narrator of The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  In The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald presents a specific portrait of American society during the roaring twenties and tells the story of a man who rises from the gutter to great riches. This man, Jay Gatsby, does not realize that his new wealth cannot give him the privileges of class and status. Nick Carraway who is from a prominent mid-western family tells the story. Nick presents himself as a reliable narrator, when actuallyRead MoreF.Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Comparison and Contrasted with Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice1708 Words   |  7 Pagestexts contributes to creating meaning for other texts. An example of this is Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, this novel is more easily understood when it is compared and contrasted to other literature works, such as F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby. The aspects of the two novels that can be compared and contrasted are the plot development, characterisation, setting, narrative point of view, writers context and themes and issues. The plot of Pride and Prejudice is about a lower upperRead MoreIn The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway as the Foil, Protagonist, and Narrator596 Words   |  3 PagesIn The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Nick Carraway functions as both the foil and protagonist, as well as the narrator. A young man from Minnesota, Nick travels to the West Egg in New York to learn about the bond business. He lives in the district of Long Island, next door to Jay Gatsby, a wealthy young man known for throwing lavish parties every night. Nick is gradually pulled into the lives of the rich socialites of the East and West Egg. Because of his relationships with GatsbyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By George Orwell1539 Words   |  7 PagesPalahniuk himself even states that Fight Club is the modernised version of The Great Gatsby, when he refers to it as ‘just The Great Gatsby updated a little’. We see when we compare the novels that culture and values have evolved but themes and is sues challenging society in the 1920’s world of The Great Gatsby, are still present seventy years later in the 1990’s world of Fight Club. The Great Gatsby is about America’s decline and the fall of the American dream with the struggle of the classes, andRead MoreThe Roles Minor Characters Have in Literature1613 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor characters by emphasizing their important character traits, but in many cases they furthermore play a crucial role in the advancement of the plot. In the three novels that were examined this year, The Great Gatsby, The Kite Runner, and The Handmaids Tale, the minor character had a pivotal role in the development of the plot. In The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway is not only the narrator but he is the image of order in a society of disorder. In The Kite Runner, Rahim Khan is the moral center and actsRead MoreEssay about Great Gatsby862 Words   |  4 PagesFitzgeralds The Great Gatsby / Gatsbys Desire for Daisy exploring why Gatsby had such an obsessive desire for Daisy. The writer purports that Gatsby began by pursuing an ideal, not the real woman. In fact, he could not recognize the type of person she had become since they last saw each other. Gatsby lives in a dream world and Daisy is part of that dream. As the novel progresses, however, Gatsbys feelings change. Bibliography lists Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby : The Role of Nick CarrawayRead MorePursuing Relationships in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald741 Words   |  3 Pagesin The Great Gatsby, we are introduced to the characters with a sort of step-by-step process. Unfortunately, as our knowledge about the characters expands, our feelings of enchantment soon transform to that of disenchantment. Initially overlooking their flaws or putting them off to the side, it is only later that we realize the peril of each of their imperfections. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the journey from delight to disappointment may be seen in the narrator, Nick CarrawayRead MoreThe Great Gatsby - Nick Carroways Role905 Words   |  4 PagesIn his novel The Great Gatsby, author F. Scott Fitzgerald had the main character Nick Carroway stand out as being overall, a decent person. Nick stands out especially when being compared to the other characters in the story. It is Nicks honesty with himself and toward others, his morality, and his unbiased, slow to judge qualities that make him the novels best character. br brThe chain of events that occur in the story begin with Nick meeting Jordan Baker at Gatsbys party. It was this meetingRead MoreGreat Gatsby Confidant Analysis833 Words   |  4 PagesNick Carraway: Confidant The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a story of love and deceit. With deceit, there comes secrets, and with secrets, there comes confidants. A confidant is someone that one shares secrets or confides, trusting that they will not tell anyone else. In The Great Gatsby, the narrator, Nick Carraway, is the only true confidant who shows a variety of unique, strong, relationships between each major character. Nick used every power of his being to be there and support

Dissociative Identity Disorder And Social Anxiety

People have had mental illnesses since the beginning of time. In this generation, the right look and the right actions are what everyone is looking for. Perfection is the aim, to  ¨fit in. ¨ Though, when we see someone with a mental or physical illness, we automatically jump to the conclusion that those people are different and we can’t be seen with them for the sake of a simple reputation. People know that others who suffer from these illnesses are different, yet they don’t question what is happening to that person because of their mental illness or how much they’re outcast. This brief article is to show what exactly these people are going through. Mental illnesses such as dissociative identity disorder, social anxiety, bipolarism, post traumatic stress disorder, or obsessive compulsive disorder make some people stand out. They make the lives of people who have them very difficult and stressful. They do understand though when people are being mean; they migh t not understand why, but they know you’re not being kind. Dissociative identity disorder is an illness that takes place when two or more distinctly different personalities appear and alternatively take over an individual’s body. People with this disorder have severe memory loss and normally don’t remember even changing personalities. Some people believe that the symptoms of these patients are brought out through the suggestion of therapists, but scientists have watched the changing of personalities over brain images.Show MoreRelatedAnxiety, Mood, and Somatoforms982 Words   |  4 PagesAnxiety, Mood, Somatoform Disorders PSY 410 December 12, 2011 R. Keith Franklin LPC.S Anxiety, Mood, Somatoform Disorders The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is a reference book compiled by different experts to include psychiatrist, psychologists, and nurses. The DSM was created to provide a helpful guide to clinical practices and to serve as an educational tool for teaching psychopathology. The DSM classifies mental disorders in five areas called Axis’s. The areasRead MorePsychological Disorders And Obsessive Compulsive Disorder1123 Words   |  5 PagesPsychological disorder or mental disorder is a mind imbalance involving behaviors, thoughts and emotions that cause significant distress to self or other. Great distress means that the person is unable to meet their needs, is a danger to himself and others, or the person is unable to function properly. There are various categories of psychological disorders including, anxiety disorder, somatoform disorder, dissociative disorder, mood disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, personalityRead MoreRehab960 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesAbstract Dissociative Disorders is the disruption in the integrated functions of consciences, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. They are marked by a dissociation from or interruption of a person’s fundamental aspect of waking consciousness such as personal identity and one’s personal history. In this paper I will be discussing the main dissociative disorders, which are: Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Fugue, Dissociative Identity Disorder, and Depersonalization Disorder. All ofRead MorePsychological Disorder Paper1412 Words   |  6 PagesPsychological Disorder Paper An out-of-body experience is explained by few as a sense of being detached from one’s body, and if associated with other factors like a sense that the world is not real, far away, or even foggy. This with the combination of failure to recall significant personal information, or the content of a meaningful conversation forgotten from one second to the next are signs of a psychological disorder known as Dissociative Disorder. Considered as a rare and mysterious psychiatricRead MoreDissociative Disorders And The Most Controversial Disorders1055 Words   |  5 PagesMai Nguyen PSYC 1 Dec. 11, 2015 Dissociative Disorders Dissociative disorders are one of the most controversial disorders that exist. It is often argued that the disorder does not actually exist and that people are over-diagnosed. Dissociative disorders is a type of psychological disorder that involve a sudden loss of memory of change in identity due to the dissociation (separation) of the individual’s conscious awareness from previous memories and thoughts. A common example of a dissociation isRead MoreThe Treatment Of Dissociative Identity Disorder Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesThe treatment of dissociative identity disorder can be very challenging. The purpose of most treatment is the integration of all the personalities into one coherent personality. The process starts by identifying the functions of each personality and then helping each personality confront, develop coping skills, and work through the trauma that led them to this disorder. There have been few studies that have empirical data on the treatment of dissociativ e identity disorder. One study that was ableRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder Of The Paleolithic Era947 Words   |  4 Pages Dissociative Identity Disorder Jorge Marquez Abnormal Psychology Professor Mackenzie It is quite unfortunate that many psychological disorders are not known out there. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) being one of them. Of course, this disorder is said to have been discovered a long time ago. However, it was not seen as it is today. A few decades ago, most disorders were not even known how to be treated. Several before that, disorders weren’t even the firstRead MoreDissociative Disorders863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dissociative Disorders category of the DSM-IV-TR, is characterized by a disruption in the functions of perception, identity, consciousness, or memory. The disorders in the Dissociative Disorders category include Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Fugue, Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), Depersonalization Disorder and Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. All of the disorders in the Dissociative Disorders category need to be distinguished from conditions which are due to a GeneralRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder and Communication Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss ways in which those diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) attempt to communicate with their co-personalities, also how those with DID sort through the multi-personality layers within themselves to aim for a sense of normality, calmness and co-existence. Communication is an important part of those diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorders. DID can commonly be described as a severe condition in which two or more distinct identities, or personality states, are present in—andRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Personality )1254 Words   |  6 PagesDissociative identity disorder (previously known as multiple personality disorder) is thought to be a complex mental condition that is likely brought on by numerous variables, including serious injury amid early adolescence generally compelling, repetitive physical, sexual, or psychological mistreatment. The greater part of us have encountered mild dissociation, which resemble wandering off in fantasy land or losing all sense of direction at the time while taking a shot at an undertaking. In any

The Basic Principle Of Inquiry - 1195 Words

Human nature is to question. Whether they are minor or groundbreaking questions is irrelevant, but the basic principle of inquiry is what constructs the pillars of philosophical thought. As in all things, the beginnings of philosophy were somewhat elementary, but complexity has built as history advances. Philosophy is loosely organized into 2 fields, Western and Eastern. Western philosophy is associated with Ancient Greek, Roman, Western Europe, and later on, the Americas’ process of thought. Being that we are predominantly influenced by this field of philosophy (due to our location) it is essential that we must understand the beginnings and the evolution of this ideology. Western philosophy has developed with each coming era and is widely accepted to be organized chronologically into 3 ages, Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, with each contributing new doctrines, philosophical branches, and theories to Western thinking. Ancient The Ancient Era of philosophy spanned from the 7th century B.C to the 5th century and consisted of 4 briefer eras; Pre-Socratic, Socratic, Hellenistic, and finished of with Roman. Many of the philosophers of this era came from Greece or Rome, but many Egyptian scholars also had significant ideas that were present during these times. Pre-Socratic Many of the works (such as plays, books, etc†¦) of this time period have been lost to history or we’ve only recovered portions of scriptures, so most of the knowledge related towards this era has come from theShow MoreRelatedThe Researcher Intends To Collect Information Related To1554 Words   |  7 Pagessurvey identifies whether a classroom teacher had used Project Based or Inquiry Based learning in their classrooms, either for a unit or as a practice. This will separate the responses into PBL/IB and non-PBL/IB for comparative purposes. Measures of Study The researcher intends to distribute Gary J. Conti’s Principles of Adult Learning Scale (PALS), a published instrument available for public use (Conti, 1982). The Principles of Adult Learning Scale was developed and designed to survey educatorsRead MoreExplanations of the Branches of Philosophy1358 Words   |  6 PagesEpistemology, Ethics, Aesthetics, Political philosophy, and social philosophy. The first branch in understanding in understanding philosophy is Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that handles the first concepts of things, including conceptual principles like being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time, and space. Metaphysics is the first branch of philosophy credible for the research of existence and reality. It answers the question â€Å"What is?† It involves everything that occurs or livesRead MoreThe Scientific Method886 Words   |  4 PagesScientific method is based on the principle of cause and effect. One of the fundamental prerequisites of a healthy scientific method is the quality of experimentation that is designed to test a hypothesis. Scientific method refers to the body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. It is based on gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. A scientific methodRead MoreIs Software Assurance Important?1225 Words   |  5 PagesSoftware Assurance Importance Our general public’s developing reliance on programming makes the requirement for powerful and basic programming affirmation. Inspiration to address programming affirmation requires, at the very least, a comprehension of what to do, how to go about it, and why it is required. Two key establishment components are standards for programming certification and an educational programs to teach the individuals who must address this need. Personal computers (PC) are a fundamentalRead MoreThomas Forehand, Cpa888 Words   |  4 Pages1. What professional standards are relevant to client acceptance decisions? What general principles do these standards suggest accounting firms should apply in arriving at client acceptance decisions? Identify specific measures that accounting firms should take before deciding to accept a potential client. PCAOB AU Section 301.07 is relevant to the client acceptance decision because it states that â€Å"the auditor should establish an understanding with the client regarding the services to be performedRead MoreThe Music Of Music902 Words   |  4 PagesMusic collections is one of the most important stage in multimedia content and the collections are very huge. A single iPod can hold as many as 10,000 songs, such collections are searched by title, composer and performer, which allows for basic storage retrieval of music. This system contains many features which include 1) Harmony 2) Rhythm 3) Instrumentation Access to this features supports in turn benefits individuals: 1. Tell me the song that goes. (query by example) 2. Could you increase theRead MoreLabour and Industrial Relations1733 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Misconduct could be a serious offence titled to be an unacceptable behavior by an employee or professional person. Misconduct can lead either to be a major or minor offence depending on the offence made by the person. In a misconduct case, the basic ruling is that the employer must prove beyond any doubt that the employee is guilty of the offence. Taking this into view it must be understood that the employee does not need to prove his innocence but the employer need to prove his guilt. DecisionRead MoreQuestions On Religion Of Science925 Words   |  4 Pagescauses. We might speak of pure religious science as that branch of science which studies the natural principles; the nature of Mind and Consciousness. Then we could think of applied religious science as the application of this principle in human needs for practical purposes, and this is where one encounters the study of the nature of prayer, of faith, and of mental actions and reactions.† The Basic Ideas of Science of Mind, pg. 92-93 Philosophy and Religion amount to opinion, of which there areRead MoreThe Principles Of The Early Childhood Education Program972 Words   |  4 Pagessociety. †¢ To teach is to be persistent in learning through inquiry into something or someone; such inquiry is richer and more generative when done collaboratively. †¢ To teach is to act on part of something or someone; such action should be conscious, purposeful, well informed, and ethical. Applicants must write a double-spaced statement of no more than three pages. The student should demonstrate deep thinking about the three guiding principles of the Early Childhood Education program listed above.Read MoreCPA REPORT Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesalso want to know the rationale behind establishing the subsidiary as a corporation. Methodology Used to Determine Deferred Taxes The methodology used to determine deferred taxes deals with the basic principles of accounting for income taxes. According to  FASB  (2013), â€Å"The following basic principles are applied in accounting for income taxes: A current of deferred tax liability or asset is recognized for the current or deferred tax consequences of all events that have been recognized in the financial

Common Biases and Errors in Decision-Making Process Free Essays

COMMON BIASES AND ERRORS IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESS In addition to engaging in bounded rationality, an accumulating body of research tells us that decision makers allow systematic biases and errors to creep into their judgments. These come out of attempts to shortcut the decision process. To minimize effort and avoid difficult trade-offs, people tend to rely too heavily on experience, impulses, gut feelings, and convenient aâ‚ ¬? rules of thumb. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Biases and Errors in Decision-Making Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now aâ‚ ¬? In many instances, these shortcuts are helpful. However, they can lead to severe distortions from rationality. The following highlights the most common distortions. Overconfidence Bias:  Itaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s been said that aâ‚ ¬? no problem in judgment and decision making is more prevalent and more potentially catastrophic than overconfidence. aâ‚ ¬? When weaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re given factual questions and asked to judge the probability that our answers are correct, we tend to be far too optimistic. For instance, studies have found that, when people say theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re 65 to 70% confident that theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re right, they were actually correct only about 50% of the time. And when they say theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re 100% sure, they tended to be 70 to 85% correct. From an organizational standpoint, one of the more interesting findings related to overconfidence is that those individuals whose intellectual and interpersonal abilities are weakest are most likely to overestimate their performance and ability. So as mangers and employees become more knowledgeable about an issue, the less likely they are to display overconfidence. Overconfidence is most likely to surface when organizational members are considering issues or problems that are outside their area of expertise. Anchoring Bias:  The anchoring bias is a tendency to fixate on initial information as a starting point. Once set, we then fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information. The anchoring bias occurs because our mind appears to give a disproportionate amount of emphasis to the first information it receives. So initial impressions, ideas, process, and estimates carry undue weight relative to information received later. Anchors are widely used by professional people such as advertising writers, managers, politicians, real estate agents, and lawyersaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ where persuasion skills are important For instance, in a mock jury trial, one set of jurors was asked by the plaintiffaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attorney to make an award in the range of Rs. million to Rs. 25 million. Another set of jurors was asked for an award in the range of Rs. 25 million to 75 million. Consistent with the anchoring bias, the median awards were Rs. 5 million versus Rs. 25 million in the two conditions. Consider the role of anchoring in negotiations and interviews. Any time a negotiation takes place, so does anchoring . As soon as someone states a number, your ability to objectively ignore that number has been compromised. For instance, when a prospective employer asks how much you were making in your prior job, your answer typically anchors the employeraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offer. Most of us understand this and upwardly aâ‚ ¬? adjustaâ‚ ¬? our previous salary in the hope that it will encourage our employer to offer us more. Anchoring can distort employment interviews. The initial information you might get interviewing a job candidate is likely to anchor your assessment of the applicant and unduly influence how you interpret information that you obtain later. Confirmation Bias:  The rational decision-making process assumes that we objectively gather information. But we donaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t. We selectively gather information. The information bias represents a specific case of selective perception. We seek out information that reaffirms our past choices, and we discount information that contradicts past judgments. We also tend to accept information at face value that confirms our preconceived views, while being critical and skeptical of information that challenges these views. The information we gather is typically biased toward supporting views we already hold. This confirmation bias influences where we go to collect evidence because we tend to seek out places that are more likely to tell us what we want to hear. It also leads us to give too much weight to supporting information and too little to contradictory information. Availability Bias:  Many more people suffer from fear of flying than fear of driving in a car. The reason is that many people think flying is more dangerous. If flying on a commercial airline was as dangerous as driving, the equivalent of two 747s filled to capacity would have to crash every week, killing all aboard, to match the risk of being killed in a car accident. But the media give a lot more attention to air accidents, so we tend to overstate the risk of flying and understate the risk of driving. This illustrates an example of the availability bias, which is the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is readily available to them. Events that evoke emotions, that are particularly vivid, or that have occurred more recently tend to be more available in our memory. As a result, we tend to be prone to overestimating unlikely events like an airplane crash. The availability bias can also explain why managers, when doing annual performance appraisals, tend to give more weight to recent behaviors of an employee than those behaviors of six or nine months ago. Escalation of Commitment Error:  Another distortion that creeps into decisions in practice is a tendency to escalate commitment when a decision stream represents a series of decisions. Escalation of commitment refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence that itaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s wrong. An example of this is of my friend, who has been dating a woman for about four years. He admitted that things werenaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t going too well in their relationship; he informed me that he was going to marry the woman. A bit surprised by his decision, I asked him why. He responded: aâ‚ ¬? I have a lot invested in the relationship! aâ‚ ¬? It has been well documented that individuals escalate commitment to a failing course of action when they view themselves as a responsible for the failure. That is they aâ‚ ¬? throw good money after badaâ‚ ¬? o demonstrate that their initial decision wasnaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t wrong and to avoid having to admit they made a mistake. Escalation of commitment is also congruent with evidence that people try to appear consistent in what they say and do. Increasing commitment to previous actions conveys consistency. Escalation of commitment has obvious implications for managerial decisions. Many an organization has suffered large losses because a manager was determined to prove his or her original decision was right by continuing to commit resources to what was a lost cause from the beginning. In addition, consistency is a characteristic often associated with effective leaders. So managers, in an effort to appear effective, may be motivated to be consistent when switching to another course of action. In reality, effective managers are those who are able to differentiate between situations in which persistence will pay off and situations in which it will not. http://www. citeman. com/384-common-biases-and-errors-in-decision-making-process. html How to cite Common Biases and Errors in Decision-Making Process, Essay examples

Facing Bankruptcy Essay Sample free essay sample

Bankruptcy might hold a different definition based on the people who are will specifying it. when investors heard this universe they have different reaction some are afraid and dying while for others it can intend chance and a concern meeting. Some investors are looking for a concern who are in the span of bankruptcy so they will hold the opportunity to take over the concern but on the portion of the proprietor who are in the brink of bankruptcy it can intend the terminal of the universe. because it might be the lone thing he has and needs to give it up. Based on Wikipedia Bankruptcy is a lawfully declared inability or damage of ability of an person or organisation to pay its creditors. Creditors may register a bankruptcy request against a concern or corporate debitor ( â€Å"involuntary bankruptcy† ) in an attempt to reimburse a part of what they are owed or originate a restructuring. In the bulk of instances. nevertheless. bankruptcy is initiated by the debitor ( a â€Å"voluntary bankruptcy† that is filed by the insolvent person or organisation ) . An nonvoluntary bankruptcy request may non be filed against an single consumer debitor who is non engaged in concern. Many concerns now a twenty-four hours experience bankruptcy. Bankruptcy was originally planned as a redress for creditors non for the debitors. During the clip of King Henry VIII. a jurisprudence was made to let creditor to prehend all the staying assets of a bargainer who could non pay their debt. And the debitor will non lose his freedom he will be charge and topic for imprisonment. In early nineteenth century in England. debitors were frequently released from prison with their debts discharged. However. for many old ages. bankruptcy continued to be a redress prefering creditors. involuntary in nature and mostly penal in character. It was by and large used merely against bargainers. Bankruptcy offers an person or concern a opportunity to get down fresh by forgiving debts that merely can’t be paid while offering creditors a opportunity to obtain some step of refund based on what assets are available. In theory. the ability to register for bankruptcy can profit an overall economic system by giving individuals and concerns another opportunity and supplying creditors with a step of debt refund. Still retrieve the Lehman Brothers Holding Inc. a planetary fiscal service house that did concern banking. equity and fixed income gross revenues. research and trading. investing direction. private equity and private banking. Its bankruptcy filing is the largest US history. affecting debt amounting to $ 613 billion and assets deserving $ 639 billion. So far. the Philippines during that clip have non felt the consequence of the fiscal mayhem in the US in any major manner. The Philippine banking system has minimum exposure to structured fiscal merchandises: intelligence histories of Philippine banks’ exposure to the Lehman Brothers’ prostration put it at about 0. 11 per centum of entire banking assets. or PhP5. 5 billion. Individual Bankss with market losingss from the derived functions securities have already allocated increased loss commissariats in their capital. But the United States is a big economic system with major effects on the planetary economic system. so the Philippines will finally besides feel the pinch. There are several ways through which this is traveling to take topographic point. Some of the Bankss here in our state who had invested on the Lehman Brothers are Banco de Oro and Metropolitan Bank of Trust and Company. If I may spy some other corporation in the United States who filed bankruptcy in 2008 were Washington Mutual Inc. . a savings bank keeping company and former proprietor of Washington Mutual Bank. so largest nest eggs and loan association in the US. The IndyMacBancorp. Inc. . Keeping company of IndyMac Bank. the largest nest eggs and loan association in the Los Angeles country and seventh largest mortgage conceiver in the US during its clip. Theoretical Model When we heard the wordBankruptcy it connotes a batch of things. misdirection. deficiency of financess. or it can besides intend weak leading and hapless determination devising or economic crisis can besides impact any company. But what does it truly intend. Well I have gathered some elements that might be helpful for us to understand the nature of the subject given. The first component to be discussed is the investor’s. this could be one of the factors that can do bankruptcy. and investors can do or interrupt any company they are in. if the investor refused to put money in his bing concern who is the brink of bankruptcy certainly in no clip the said concern will slowly face bankruptcy. Corporate bankruptcies non merely do fiscal losingss for concern spouses. such as clients. loaners and providers. but besides have inauspicious effects on stockholders and securities markets’ investors. Bankruptcy allows a corporation to halt reimbursing loaners and utilize the company’s staying assets. such as hard currency. machines and equipment’s. to reorganise. Reorganization means the house gets a â€Å"fresh start† without the heavy load of debt. Bankruptcy does non ensue in the arrest of all debts because debitors remain in control of corporate operations as â€Å"debtors in ownership. † Stock equity consists of ownership rights that a house sells to investors on a securities exchange or in private minutess. Equity merchandises may include common ( regular ) portions. preferable portions. equity hereafters and equity-linked fiscal derived functions. An investor who buys portions of equity. or stockholder. receives periodic dividend payments and makes net incomes when the company’s portion monetary values lift on the fiscal market. He besides can vote on corporate determinations. appoint senior executives and take part in a company’s one-year shareholders’ meeting. A company that files for bankruptcy by and large has worthless portions of equity. Investors on securities exchanges normally sell such portions. and this procedure causes portions to diminish significantly. However. a firm’s portions of equity may go on to be traded during a reorganisation procedure. provided that the company meets minimal listing demands that a securities exchange. such as the New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE ) or the Johannesburg Stock Exchange ( JSE ) . by and large requires. Alternatively. these portions may be traded in nonprescription ( OTC ) . or electronic. markets. Restructuring procedure has important effects on shareholders’ equity. Besides the fiscal losingss that investors incur. a corporate insolvency instance has an inauspicious â€Å"domino effect† ( concatenation reaction ) on other concern spouses. or merchandise counter-parties. A company that is unable to reimburse loans or run into other pecuniary committednesss when they are due causes other concern spouses to endure losingss. which may take to farther bank ruptcies. Conceptual Model Statement of the ProblemThis research survey aims to find how investors and business communities can get by up if non wholly avoid bankruptcy in the concern industry.Specifically. this research will try to reply the undermentioned jobs: 1. How does bankruptcy impact the following facet?1. 1People1. 2Environment1. 3Business1. 4Government2. How can investor’s avoid bankruptcy?3. Based on the findings what disciplinary step a company who is sing bankruptcy can make? Significance of the StudyThe research worker believed that this survey has a good to the undermentioned: Investor – the consequence of this survey will function as a footing to reexamine and reassess the actions and determination done by the investors. Community – this survey will enable them to be cognizant that they have a function to play sing the bankruptcy of one company. To the hereafter Researcher – the findings of this survey will function as a mention in the behavior of other surveies rel ated to this sort of research. The Researcher – this survey will supply penetrations and construct on what the possible plans can be prioritized in response to the findings of this survey. Scope and Limitation of the Study The Study focuses on how the bankruptcy in the Philippines can happen an alternate solution that can assist the Investors to avoid the issue if non wholly extinguish it. Although there are cases wherein sample instances and state of affairs found abroad are mentioned. they merely serve as comparing of what could hold been and what is really transpirating in this state. Definition of Footings Business – is a lawfully recognized organisation designed to supply goods. services. or both to consumers or third concern in exchange for money Creditors – is a party ( e. g. individual. organisation. company. or authorities ) that has a claim to the services of a 2nd party. It is a individual or establishment to whom money is owed. The first party. in general. has provided some belongings or service to the 2nd party under the premise ( normally enforced by contract ) that the 2nd party will return an tantamount belongings or service. The 2nd party is often called a debitor or borrower. Debtors – is an entity that owes a debt to person else. The entity may be an single. a house. a authorities. a company or other legal individual. Government –is the bureau through which a political unit exercises its authorization. controls and administers public policy. and directs and controls the actions of its members or topics. Industry – refers to the producti on of an economic good ( either stuff or a service ) within an economic system. Investors – is any party that makes an investing. Chapter TwoLocal LiteratureBased on the article published in workingpinoy dated last February 15. 2009. harmonizing to the article during that clip four more pre-need companies are approaching bankruptcy. harmonizing to Philip Piccio. president of the Parents-Enabling Parents Coalition ( PEP ) . a group of parents contending for their open-ended programs with Pacific Plans. Piccio named Pryce Plans as one of the four. but didn’t name the three other pre-need houses in problem. The SEC Chairwoman Fe Barin so told congresswomans that SEC issued 2009 licences to merely 24 of more than 50 pre-need companies. The proposed transportation of pre-need ordinance from the SEC to the Insurance Commission has been approved by the members of the House Committee on Banks and Financial Intermediaries. The transportation is included in a pre-need bill of exchange by Aurora Representative Juan Edgardo Angara. And so Jose Miguel Vasquez president of the Philippine Federation of Pre need Plan co mpanies denied they invested in companies wide which subsequently became belly-up because Philippine jurisprudence prohibits them. Parents Enabling Parents ( PEP ) Coalition. an organisation of proprietors of Pacific Plans open-ended programs. said that none of the pre-need houses under rehabilitation such CAP and Pacific Plans has been punished for misdirection. PFPPCI President Vasquez will inquire the SEC and the Central Bank to let the pre-need industry to put up to 10 % of their entire investings in dollar-denominated securities. Presently. the pre-need industry is allowed to put merely in peso-denominated securities. A list of 19 pre-need houses willing to increase their capital during that clip to get by with troubles in the fiscal markets is included in Salve Duplito’s article on Inquirer. net Money Smarts. One of them is Danvil Plans. In the instance of AMA Plans. it’s new in the 2009 pre-need dealer’s list. so it’s safe to presume its capital is equal. It is besides interesting to observe that Pacific Plans and Ideal Pension Plans are non licensed to sell in 2009. but they are included in this list of pre-need houses willing to increase their capital. The article said that Philam Plans didn’t subscribe the 19-firm understanding because its trust fund is more than equal to pay its program holders. Foreign Literature Harmonizing to Frances Stanford Bankruptcies have become platitude in the last few old ages with the economic recession that has swept the universe. More and more people are out of work and have no other pick than to declare bankruptcy because they are unable to run into their fiscal duties. While life insurance policies are non touched by bankruptcy in that you still have a policy in topographic point to take attention of funeral disbursals and to go forth some money to your household. declaring bankruptcy does hold a damaging consequence on your premiums. Once you declare bankruptcy. this point goes on your recognition record and corsets at that place for 11 old ages. When you apply for life insurance. the company does look into your recognition evaluation to see how good you manage your fundss. Having such a negative point on your study will intend that your premiums will be higher. Take a expression at the monthly or one-year premiums that you are now paying for your life insuran ce. Even if you are able to go on paying this sum after you declare bankruptcy. you have to let for additions in the premium. If you don’t have life insurance. it is best to register for bankruptcy foremost and so use so that you will cognize what your premiums will be instead than hold to cover with increased rates. The best advice for buying life insurance premiums when you are in debt and either cognize that you will hold to finally register for bankruptcy or have already filed is to take out a 10-year policy. In this manner you know that the premiums will stay the same for that period of clip. At the terminal of this period when it comes clip to regenerate the policy and you are still in good wellness. there is a good possibility that your premiums will travel down every bit long as your recognition evaluation has improved. After your bankruptcy claims has been discharged and you are in a better fiscal state of affairs. you should look for quotation marks from several term life insurance companies. There are many such companies that do understand that people are holding fiscal troubles through no mistake of their ain. These companies will make their best to acquire you the best possible rates so that you have the life insurance that you need at an low-cost premium. Although you may be tempted to wait until the bankruptcy has been deleted from your recognition study before using for life insurance. this is non a wise fiscal determination to do. Life insurance is indispensable for everyone in all walks of life. You neer know when you will necessitate it. Local Surveies New surveies are invariably being published that discuss the latest in bankruptcy tendencies and intelligence. If you’re believing about registering bankruptcy. be an informed consumer and utilize these bankruptcy surveies to assist estimate the economic pulsation of your state. The Philippines adopted the International Financial Reporting Standard in 2005. The Filipino Financial Reporting Standards/Philippine Accounting Standards ( FRPS/PAS ) are the new set of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ( GAAP ) issued by the Accounting Standards Council of the Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants ( PICPA ) . which was succeeded subsequently on by the Financial Reporting Standards Council ( FRSC ) . Adoption of the FPRS/PAS became effectual with the one-year fiscal coverage period get downing 1 January 2005. The Civil Codeis the primary jurisprudence regulating insolvency in the Philippines. Particular Torahs can regulate insolvency every bit long as they are no n inconsistent with the codification. These particular Torahs include the Insolvency Law and Presidential Decree 902-A. The Insolvency Law covers suspension of payments along with voluntary and nonvoluntary insolvencies. Presidential Decree No. 902-A gives the Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) legal power over requests for the suspension of payments. A survey made by Insolvency Asia on the insolvency government in the Philippines is provided through the nexus below. The World Bank’s Doing Business Survey assesses informations on concern closings. Consequences for the Philippines can be found through the nexus below. The Asia-Pacific Restructuring and Insolvency Guide 2006. which is linked below. supply an account of the restructuring and insolvency model of the Philippines. Among other subjects. the study covers the legal model and effectivity of tribunal procedures and legal redresss. effects on the direction of the company. functions of cardinal participants involved in the restructuring and insolvency procedure. and fiscal issues such as the order in which creditors are paid in a corporate bankruptcy or settlement. Foreign Studies Privacy is considered by many American to be a cardinal right. Overtime. the legal model protecting single privateness has evolved to react to alterations in the manner sensitive personal information is obtained. retained. and used. Personal fiscal records. which can include list of purchases. bank history Numberss. and other alone identifiers. incorporate some of the most sensitive information about persons. if used unscrupulously. this information can do significant injury. In a universe of paper records and unaffiliated fiscal establishment. which characterized the U. S. fiscal system for most of its history. fiscal privateness concerns were comparatively minor. Information on persons was hard to obtain. was non widely shared among establishments. and was non by and large used as an plus for selling or other intents. Today. nevertheless. three major developments are raising new concerns about protections of personal fiscal information. First fiscal information now flows much more quickly. and in much greater volumes. than of all time earlier. An ordinary desktop computing machine is now significantly more powerful than the mainframe of 30 old ages ago. and can hive away. manipulate. and analyze far more information at immensely lower cost. Progresss in telecommunication allow this information to be sent anyplace in the universe outright. at likewise low cost. These technological developments have created chances for sharing of information among establishment that were barely envisioned even a few old ages ago. In add-on. the coming of big databases available through the cyberspace creates new chances for entree by the general populace to information about persons. frequently without the subject’s cognition or consent. The free flow of information that is now possible offers much advantage in economic efficiency and single wellbeing. At the same clip. it poses possible new menaces to a debtor’s private ness. A 2nd cardinal alteration is the turning integrating and consolidation among fiscal services suppliers. Interstate banking and ramification have allowed Bankss to turn larger than of all time before. and the remotion of regulative restraints has allowed fiscal services organisations to come in lines of concern that were antecedently off bounds. Banks. for illustration. may now consort with houses runing from travel bureaus to wellness insurance suppliers. This integrating will let houses and consumers to profit from â€Å"economies of graduated table. † in which the proviso of related fiscal services together can break run into consumers’ demands at a lower cost. But theseeconomies stem. in portion. from an ability to portion consumer informations across attached entities and that sharing besides raises legitimate privateness concerns. A 3rd alteration is the increasing usage of electronic agencies of buying and payment. Americans increasing usage of recognition cards. debit cards and more late electronic measure payment in stead of hard currency now allows fiscal services companies to roll up tremendous sums of elaborate information about an individual’s dealing. Until late. neither establishment nor persons were able to make elaborate lifestyle portrayals utilizing such information. The creative activity of electronic instance files and the electronic aggregation and airing of bankruptcy information are their earliest phases. Date on the existent injury ensuing from these developments are comparatively scarce. nevertheless. these developments could make a hazard for possible abuse or obnoxious re-use. As the remark submitted on behalf of 20 province lawyer General noted. â€Å"the ready handiness of such information. peculiarly when it may be easy obtained and copied from electronic filings that can be accessed from the cyberspace. greatly increases the concern about the utilizations to which the information might be out. the ability to obtain big sums of information at low cost make the usage of bankruptcy informations for commercial intents economically executable in ways that were non possible when the informations had to be hand-gathered in individual from single clerk’s offices. The effect of each of these developments can be better targeting of fiscal merchandises to single consumers. which can take down monetary values and better service. However. these tendencies besides may increase the hazard of illegal. discriminatory. or invasive usage of extremely sensitive personal information. Included among the concerns raised by the State Attorneys General and privateness advocators are: Identity Theft. More widespread handiness of information such as Social Security Numberss. recognition card Numberss. and other personal identifiers create greater chances for unscrupulous persons commit individuality larceny. Predatory Lending. Greater sharing of information within and among fiscal establishments could take to an addition in the usage of such information unscrupulous loaners. For illustration. sellers engaged in marauding loaning may utilize this information to aim particularly vulnerable debitors. although restricting entree to detailed personal information in bankruptcy filings will non by itself eliminate predatory loaning patterns. it is one measure that can be taken to turn to this jobs Synthesis Chapter ThreeResearch DesignThe descriptive – normative method of researched was used in this survey. The Descriptive attack which aims chiefly at garnering cognition ( i. e. descriptions and accounts ) about the object of survey but does non wish to modify the object. The mark is to happen out how things are. or how they have been. The research worker undertook uttermost attention in the assemblage of informations in order that she could come out with a complete and dependable input in this survey. Normative attack attempts to specify how things should be. which means that it will be necessary to specify besides the subjective point of position that shall be used. This attack has sometimes been called â€Å"applied research. † In carry oning a normative attack. the research worker focused more attending in the aggregation of informations gathered so that all informations will decently classified and categorized harmonizing to their relevancy and part inputs to the anal ysis and reading of informations gathered. Population A ; Sampling Technique The research worker usednonprobability samplingcannot depend upon the principle of chance theory. At least with a probabilistic sample. the research worker knows the odds or chance that could hold represented the population good. The research worker is able to gauge assurance intervals for the statistic. With nonprobability samples. the research worker may or may non stand for the population good. and it will frequently be difficult for her to cognize how good we’ve done so. In general. research workers prefer probabilistic or random trying methods over no probabilistic 1s. and see them to be more accurate and strict. However. in applied societal research there may be fortunes where it is non executable. practical or theoretically reasonable to make random trying. Here. we consider a broad scope of no probabilistic options. Research Instrument The Instrument of measuring in this survey is thru documental analysis of stuffs gathered through books. diaries. unpublished research and surveies. Data Gathering ProceduresThe documental reappraisal and analysis was conducted foremost since it enables the assemblage of preliminary information about the topic of this survey. Interview was besides conducted utilizing the pre-arranged and in agreement day of the months every bit good as locale for interview. Statistical Treatment of Datas Since the survey was descriptive and analytical in nature. the descriptive statistics was used to analyse the informations peculiarly ; frequence distribution and per centum distribution. Frequency Distribution – the sum-up or bite of the frequence of response in a peculiar inquiry point. for one and of the full block of inquiry in another. Percentage Technique – the per centum ratio of a given scope of classs in relation to overall summing up of the constituents of the scope. This technique was used in the demographic profile of the respondents.

Ek Ruka Hua Faisla free essay sample

Power Of Communication Ek Ruka Hua Faisla is a movie about 19 years old boy who was a suspect for murder of his father. There was a committee of 12 people assigned to decide whether boy was culprit or not. This is a movie about different organizational behavior. In this movie we observe the entire decision making process, where each individual had different perception and different behavior in particular situation. Their personal opinion leads them to one wrong decision first but later on with just one leading, convincing, neutral and practical individual, they were able to think on the other side of the case and finally they reached to right conclusion. It was the 12th Juror, who did not agree to this decision. He declared that he did not imply that the accused was innocent. His only argument was that one cannot simply jump to any conclusion without examining all the data and assess the truth. We will write a custom essay sample on Ek Ruka Hua Faisla or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He justified that a person’s life was at stake and jurors should discuss all the factors associated with the case. He was interrupted by most of the jurors as some of them were in a hurry. Almost everybody had some excuse or other for going home or elsewhere. How the jurors arrived at the final decision after volatile interactions is what the movie is about. In â€Å"Ek Ruka Hua Faisla†, the focus is on the ‘process’ – it is not what happens but how it happens. The main aspect that is highlighted is how our mental models influence our data selection, understanding and actions. Although we assert that our perspectives and decisions should be based on data / information, even the data or information we select and what meanings we give them also depends on how we have grown up and our past experiences. The 12th Juror began the whole process of re-examination of available evidences in the case using the Socratic Method. He kept giving his arguments and tried to re-consider all the facts related to the case and many jurors started taking interest in his arguments. One-by-one he brought up each evidence and through questioning the veracity of the observations, he established that most of the conclusions were based on assumptions and beliefs and thereafter the conclusions themselves were corrected. (â€Å"Socratic Method† provides the appropriate framework to ask the right questions and debate on all available data and their interpretation. The Socratic method is a form of inquiry and debate between individuals with opposing viewpoints based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to illuminate ideas. Below is the different management functions/activities elaborated based on observation: PLANNING: The discussion was planned in the mind of initiator. There was no intention to discuss the case in the committee, but this initiator planned this strategy accordingly and the strategy led to discussion. ORGANIZING: After the strategy of discussion was implemented, the person who was handling and controlling the committee organized the entire discussion. He organized the voting process and discussion. LEADING: We observed that there was one person who was disagree initially with the decision because the proof for the decision making was not satisfactory to him. This dissatisfaction leads him to convince the other team mates to discuss more about this case and he required many logical points to reach to one particular conclusion. CONTROLLING: One more observation about other personality was controlling by nature. This individual was the one who was handling the whole decision making process. Controlling always leads to aggression. So we saw that the person who was controlling and handling the committee was aggressive often. Different Personalities Observed: Active: A person active by nature always have the quality of initiating. In this movie we observe few active personalities, amongst one who was the initiator for the discussion. Other active members supported the initiative taken by that individual. 1) Active-Constructive† Active-Constructive people are those who are active in a constructive way. They are initiatives and ideas have a constructive thought in their mind. Relating this to the movie, we see that after the initiative of one individual was supported by few active-constructive personalities. Mr. K. He initiated the discussion and he had supportive ideas. His arguments were more logical, practical and more based on reasoning. In the entire decision making process he was very patient and calm. In the end he convinced all his committee members who were against, with his practical approach. Mr. Anu Kapoor and Mr. S. M. Zaheer were also active-constructive by nature as they brought many strong points during the discussion. 2) Active-Destructive: Active-destructive are those people who have their original active ideas but supported by destructive behavior. These personalities are bias by nature and at times the personalized approach leads to destructive behavior. In the movie we see Mr. Pankaj Kapoor as an active-destructive personality. He was over emotional and he took the case very personally. He was very active in the decision making process but in a destructive way. Looking to some other Active-Destructive personality Mr. Subiraj was also a perfect example. He was active but he had community bias. Due to this bias behavior verbal conflicts arise amongst committee members and that situation leads the process to aggressive path. Passive: Individuals with passive personalities are those who never take initiatives and are least bothered about the situation around them. 1) Passive-Constructive: Individuals who are passive-constructive by nature do not take any initiative but when a suggestion is asked they have wide and constructive ideas to share. In the movie we find Mr. Subhash Udgate, Mr. Shailendra Goyal, Mr. Amitabh Shrivastav and Mr. Hemant Mishra with this kind of personality. This individuals were not initiative takers but when they were asked to support the case, they had very unique ideas and with that they supported the decision making process in constructive way. Passive-Destructive: Individuals with this personality never take any initiative and even when asked for the suggestions they always have the destructive ideas. Never supportive in any situation. Mr. M. K. Raina is the best suited example for this personality. He was least bother in the decision making of one individual’s life. His personal affairs were more important to him than the life of that boy. He didn’t show any active support in decision making. He was highly influenced by majority. Mr. Azeez Kureshi is also had this kind of personality. Least concerned of the situation and enjoying personal leisure. Conclusion: This movie needs to be viewed from time-to-time to help us reflect and examine how we perceive and deal with our issues and learn to keep the spirit of ‘Inquiry’ always alive within us to question our perceptions and get to the truth. Thus, coming to the conclusion of the movie we saw that a person with active constructive personality is always a good leader and we saw various other personalities and other management fundaments used in this movie.

The Boldness Of Courage Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Boldness Of Courage Essay, Research Paper ? You? re the Devil? s adult male! ? ( 118 ) , Mary Warren cried out when she accused John Proctor of working for the Satan. Courage is defined as mental or moral strength to face danger without fright. This is supported in Arthur Miller? s The Crucible. Throughout the Salem enchantress tests in the 1600? s, bravery was that good people held in to, even through the toughest times. To exemplify this, an illustration of person with bravery is John Proctor. Proctor is a husbandman with a married woman, Elizabeth, and three immature male childs. He softly suffers from guilt caused by an matter he had with a immature adult female named Abigail Williams. He is remorseful and solicitous in his married woman? s presence, and he yearns to recover her regard. John shows his bravery when he has to do a life and decease determination to lie and state that he is involved in witchery, which will forestall his executing, or to deny being a enchantress and be hanged. We will write a custom essay sample on The Boldness Of Courage Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Proctor, after being questioned by Judge Danforth about being involved in witchery, stated that he was. Danforth was so holding Proctor mark a confession, but he argued with Danforth stating, ? I have confessed myself! Is at that place no good repentance but it be in public? God does non necessitate my name nailed upon the church! God sees my name ; God knows how black my wickednesss are! ? ( 142 ) . When Danforth would non give up the statement with Proctor to subscribe the confession, he asked, ? Then explicate to me, Mr. Proctor, why will you non allow me have it? ? ( 143 ) , Proctor answered, ? Because it is my name # 8230 ; Because I prevarication and mark myself to lies! # 8230 ; I have given you my psyche ; go forth me my name! ? ( 143 ) . Danforth so explained to Proctor, if the confession was a prevarication, he would non accept it. Proctor, with his chest heave and his eyes gazing, he tore the confession and crumpled it up, while he wept in rage. Danforth so ordered for him to be hung? high over the town? ( 143 ) . John Proctor showed bravery for his friends and household and by making it, helped set an terminal to the unjust tribunals of Salem. Another good illustration of with a good trade of bravery is Giles Corey. Giles is a 83-year old landholder who is hardy, mettlesome, and ferociously independent. He? s unenlightened and pig-headed, but at the same clip, warm-hearted and undismayed. He reveals himself to be a great adult male of amazing bravery and will when he would non reply? aye or nay to his indictment? ( 135 ) . When Elizabeth Pr octor was stating her hubby, John, about it, she explained, ? great rocks they lay upon his thorax until he plead aye or nay. They say he give them two words. ? More weight? , he says. And died. ? ( 135 ) . Giles Corey? s married woman, Martha, and all of his friends, had already been convicted of witchery, so he had likely decided that he had nil to populate for. Giles meekly protested the nonreversible tribunals by giving himself as an illustration to his friends to remain strong and to non give up in what they believed is incorrect. John Proctor could hold easy used Giles Corey as an illustration, because Proctor learned of Giles? decease before he had to do his determination of squealing or being executed. The following brave individual in The Crucible is Reverend John Hale. Reverend Hale is the church authorization on demonology. He is summoned to Salem to happen out if Reverend Parris? girl Betty, who is enduring from an unexplained unwellness, has been hexed by witchery. Reverend Hale is proud of his scholarly expertness, and is glad to come to Salem to give his professional input on the state of affairs. He displayed Acts of the Apostless of bravery when he got highly frustrated about how unfair and pathetic Danforth and the tests were, so he stood up and shout, ? I denounce these proceedings, I quit this tribunal! ? ( 120 ) . Reverend Hale so comes back subsequently to assist those convicted by seeking to carry them to squeal and populate, instead than be hanged. By making this, Reverend Hale shows great moral bravery. He gives up everything he has worked for in his demonology calling by traveling against the tribunal, and seeking to persuade guiltless people to squeal because he feels dreadfully responsible for conveying the craze to Salem. Reverend Hale is one of the greatest illustrations of moral bravery because he puts his repute on the line to seek to salvage guiltless peoples? lives. These three great work forces held on to courage during a clip where it would have been easy to take the smooth route out. Alternatively, they did what they knew was right. With all of these illustrations in head, one can come to the point that they had strong and definite bravery. They were willing to do a base for what they thought was incorrect, even if it meant giving up life or repute. These illustrations make today? s people think about, if they could stand up for what they think is unfair or incorrect, and in some cases put their life on the line for it.